日本江户农书《农业自得》中的特色稻作技术考察  

Technological Inspection on Characteristic Rice-Planting Technology of Japan’s Edo Agricultural Book—Nougyou Zitoku

作　　者：叶磊[1,2] 曾博涵[3] 惠富平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文社会科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]盐城工学院人文学院,江苏盐城224051 [3]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国农史》2013年第2期117-126,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：江苏省2012年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目"近世日本暖地稻作的特色与生态价值研究"(CXLX12-0275)

摘　　要：日本江户农书《农业自得》中的稻作技术是在封建制时代背景下提出的,以"稀播,长育,疏植,少本栽插"为核心,以"深耕防茂,干鰯肥田,切根减耗,适时排灌"等措施为配套的,极富科学性的特色水稻栽培技术。这一技术的创立不仅纠正了过去暖地稻作"密播密植"的通行做法,同时也改变了稻作单纯依靠主茎出穗的栽培历史,从而实现了包括水稻在内的多种分蘖性粮食作物的稳产高产。"稀播疏植"技术的诞生和实施,标志着近代日本实验农学的萌芽,其技术内容对于发展现代暖地稻作农业依然具有十分重要的借鉴作用。Put forth under feudal society, the rice-planting technology in Japan＇ s Edo agricultural book ＂Nougyou Zitoku＂refers to the highly scientific characteristic rice-planting and cultivation technology which centers on ＂sparse seeding, prolonged cultivation, thin planting, smaller seedling transplant＂ and is supported by measures including ＂deep ploughing in case of excessive luxuriant growth of rice, fertilizing land with dried sardines, artificially reducing water fertilizer by cutting off cross-grew adventitious roots, timely irrigating and draining, etc.＂ The introduction of the technology not only corrected the common practice -- ＂intensive seed- ing and planting＂ on warm field but also changed the cultivation history where rice planting solely relies on the stem to head, so it realized the stable and high production of several grain crops including rice. The introduc- tion and implementation of ＂sparse seeding and planting＂ technology marks the birth of Japan＇ s experimental agronomy. Nowadays, this technology still provides important reference to development of modern rice agricul- ture.

关 键 词：近世日本 稀播疏植 稻作技术 农业自得 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]