中国不同SKTI类型栽培大豆地方品种的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity in Different SKTI Types of Chinese Soybean Landraces

作　　者：张志华[1] 李向华[1] 王克晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大工程/农业部北京大豆生物学重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2013年第3期373-383,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：作物种质资源保护项目;种质资源平台

摘　　要：大豆Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SKTI)广泛存在于栽培大豆和野生大豆中,具有多种变异类型,常作为一种遗传标记用来研究大豆的起源与传播。本研究对我国10131份大豆地方品种进行了SKTI多态性鉴定,使用20对细胞核SSR(nuSSR)标记和5对叶绿体SSR(cpSSR)标记对不同SKTI类型的187份地方品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示,在细胞核水平上Tib类型材料遗传多样性低于Tia类型,但是在叶绿体基因组水平上Tib类型材料明显高于Tia类型,暗示Tib类型大豆在驯化过程中可能来源于较多的野生大豆个体祖先,而不是来源于单一祖先。聚类分析显示不同地区的Tib类型材料存在优先聚类的现象,说明Tib类型材料具有祖先亲缘性。来源于甘肃省的Tib类型大豆地方品种的叶绿体单倍型类型丰富,并以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型为主,具有Ⅱ型叶绿体单倍型的大豆地方品种很可能是其他地区的同类型大豆的主要来源;基于甘肃Tib类型大豆具有较高的遗传多样性,并与其他省区Tib类型材料亲缘关系密切等因素,推测甘肃地区是栽培大豆Tib类型的起源中心。Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor（SKTI） extensively exists in cultivated and wild soybeans with many kinds of variants,which is often used as a genetic marker to study the origin and dissemination of soybeans. In this study, 10131 Chinese soybean landrace accessions were identified for SKTI types and a set of representative sample of 187 soybean landraces was analyzed to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of different SKTI type accessions using 20 nuclear SSR markers and 5 chloroplast SSR markers. Results showed that at the nuclear DNA level, the genetic diversity of the Tib type accessions was lower than that of the Tia type,but the genetic diversity at the chloroplast DNA level was just opposite. The cluster analysis showed that the Tib accessions from different regions tended to cluster together preferentially,indicating a close relationship among those Tib accessions. The Tib type soybean landraces in Gansu province were rich in diversity of chloroplast haplotypes, and were principally comprised of type Ⅱ and m. The soybean landraces with chloroplast haplotype Ⅱ in Gansu might be the main source of the soybeans with the same type in other provinces. Based on that Tib type soybean landraces in Gansu province had a higher genetic diversity and a close relationship with those from other provinces, Gansu province might be a center of the origin for Tib type soybeans in China.

关 键 词：栽培大豆 地方品种 SKTI 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]