河水高浓度有机污染降解菌分离、鉴定及降解特性  

Isolation, identification, and degradation characteristics of bacterial strains in a high concentration organic pollutants-contaminated river water

作　　者：朱健 王平[1,2] 李捍东[3] 雷明婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心,长沙410004 [2]南方林业生态应用技术国家工程实验室,长沙410004 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第5期1311-1318,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(200909066);湖南省环境科学重点学科建设项目(2006180)资助

摘　　要：为了恢复遭受严重有机污染北方季节性河流自净能力,以河北某典型黑臭河流为研究对象,采集其河道底泥和水样,采用乳酸菌、酵母菌、放线菌和硝化细菌专性培养基对底泥中的微生物进行富集、分离、纯化,获取了15株有机污染物降解菌,对其中的6株优势菌采用脂肪酸谱图分析进行了鉴定,这6株菌最终鉴定为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、假丝酵母菌(Candida)、硝化球菌属(Nitrococcus)。为了提高菌株的降解与适应能力,采用定向富集液进行菌群复配,得到复合菌,复配试验表明,菌群最佳配比为乳酸菌1.0%、酵母菌0.5%、放线菌2.0%、硝化细菌2.0%。复合菌培养研究发现,复合菌最佳生长条件为pH7.0,温度35℃,以葡萄糖为最佳碳源、需要少量Fe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+等无机盐。污染物降解试验表明,当pH、温度、菌量、转速分别为8、35℃、0.5%、80r·min-1时,复合菌对污染物的降解效果最好,CODcr、NH3-N和TP去除率分别达到78%、59%和77%。In order to restore the self-purification capability of the northern seasonal fiver serious- ly contaminated by organic pollutants, a typical black-odor fiver in Hebei Province of North Chi- na was taken as the study object, its sediments and water samples were collected, and the culture media specifically for lactobacillus, yeast, aetinomycetes, and nitrobacteria were adopted to en- rich, isolate, and identify the microbes in the samples. A total of 15 organic pollutants-degrading bacteria strains were isolated, and 6 dominant bacterial isolates of them were identified by fatty acids map analysis, which were Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Micromonospora, Candida, and Nitrococcus. To improve the adaptation and degradation capabilities of the isolates, a directional enrichment solution was adopted to compound the isolates, and the compound bacte- ria were obtained. The results of the optimization experiment showed that the optimal proportions of the compound bacteria were 0.5% of yeast, 1.0% of lactobacillus, 2.0% of actinomycetes, and 2.0% of nitrobacteria, and the most appropriate growth conditions of the compound bacteria were pH 7. 0, temperature 35 ℃, carbon source glucose, and small amounts of Fe2＋, Mg2＋, and Ca2＋. The degradation experiment indicated that when the pH value was 8.0, temperature was 35 ~C, inoculation amount was 0. 5%, and rotation rate was 80 r · min^-1 , the compound bacteria performed best in degrading organic pollutants, with the removal rates of CODcr, NH3-N, and TP reached 78%, 59%, and 77%, respectively.

关 键 词：有机污染 北方季节性河流 复合菌 制备 降解 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]