土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响  

Effects of subsoiling and supplemental irrigation on dry matter production and water use efficiency in wheat

作　　者：郑成岩[1,2] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 王东[1] 石玉[1] 许振柱[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [3]中国科学院植物研究所/植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第7期2260-2271,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171498);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)

摘　　要：研究一次深松耕作后土壤水分对冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用率的影响,为小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据。于2008—2009和2009—2010两个小麦生长季,选用高产小麦品种济麦22,采取测墒补灌的方法,研究了深松+旋耕和旋耕2种耕作方式下土壤水分对小麦0—200 cm土层土壤含水量、干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明,(1)深松+旋耕40—180 cm土层土壤含水量低于旋耕处理;旗叶光合速率和水分利用率,开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率显著高于旋耕处理。(2)W3(补灌至0—140 cm土层土壤相对含水量播种期为85%,越冬期80%,拔节和开花期75%)成熟期0—200cm土层土壤含水量与W1(播种期80%,越冬期80%,拔节和开花期75%)和W2处理(播种期80%,越冬期85%,拔节和开花期75%)无显著差异;W3和W'3(播种期85%,越冬期85%,拔节和开花期75%)60—140 cm土层土壤含水量分别低于W4(播种期85%,越冬期85%,拔节和开花期75%)和W'4(播种期90%,越冬期85%,拔节和开花期75%)处理;W3和W'3灌浆中后期旗叶光合速率较高,开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率显著高于其他处理,获得高的籽粒产量和水分利用率。综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用率和灌溉效益,在深松+旋耕条件下,两年度分别以W3和W'3为节水高产的最佳处理。Simultaneous increase of grain yield and water use efficiency is an imperative solution and a hot production and research, especially in northern plain of China where winter wheat （ Triticum aestivum） is the consumed crop. The objective of this study was to optimize irrigation scheduling for both high grain yield efficiency of wheat with different tillage practices. Unlike strategy of water-controlled irrigation based on measuring earlier studies in which fixed irrigation amounts soil water content was adopted to study changes focus on crop largest water- and water use were given, a in soil water content in 0--200cm at maturity, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain yield, and water use efficiency. In acontinuous experiment across two growing seasons from 2008 to 2010, we planted wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with two tillage treatments including rotary tillage after subsoiling （RS） and rotary tillage （R）. In the 2008--2009 growing season, the irrigation treatments were designed as no irrigation （ W0 ）, relative water content （RWC） of 80% at sowing, 80% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and 75% at anthesis（W1）;RWC of 80% at sowing, 85% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and 75% at anthesis（W2）; RWC of 85% at sowing, 80% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and75% at anthesis（W3）; RWC of 85% at sowing, 85% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and 75% at anthesis（W4）. In the 2009--2010 growing season, the irrigation treatments were designed as no irrigation（W＇0） , RWC of 85% at sowing, 85% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and 75% at anthesis（W＇3）; RWC of 85% at sowing, 90% at wintering, 75% at jointing, and 75% at anthesis（W＇4）. Under the same irrigation treatment, soil water content in 40--180cm soil layers of RS was lower than that of R practice, whereas the flag leaf photosynthetic rate （ P, ）, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain in RS treatment were significantly higher than those in R treatment. Compared with both W4 and W＇4 treatment

关 键 词：小麦 土壤深松 干物质积累与分配 水分利用率 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]