唐宋金元文论“衰落”、“隆起”辨  

An Argument on the "Decline" or "Upheaval" of Chinese Literary Theory in the Tang,Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：杜书瀛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第2期11-25,共15页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国社会科学院老科技工作者科研资助项目(20090112)

摘　　要：日本学者曾断言中国文论"衰落于唐宋金元",这是不符合历史事实的。中国文论发展至唐宋金元,并不是"衰落",而是"隆起"。唐代诗学文论有自己的重大贡献,如在"唯美"一系,进一步深化魏晋南北朝时期的"形式运动",提出"对偶说",促成了律诗、绝句的建立;提出"诗境"论,成为中国"诗文评"核心理论思想之一"意境"的起始;晚唐司空图提出"韵外之致"、"味外之旨"的观点,影响深远。在"尚用"一系,则有元白诗论、韩柳文论等等很有特点的思想。至宋,"诗文评"出现了名副其实的大繁荣和再提升:诗话、词话、文话("四六话")如雨后春笋,开创了一个前所未有的新局面,此后更是一发而不可收,此类作品如春河开闸,如繁花绽放,成为中国古代"诗文评"一道独特而靓丽的风景;开创了"评点"的新形式,到明清更发展成蔚为壮观的"诗文评"重镇;古文理论(欧苏甚至包括理学家的极端论调)也有新的拓展;尤其是对诗文自身性质特点的把握达到前所未有的高度和深度,《沧浪诗话》尤为出色。Some Japanese scholars once asserted that Chinese literary theory ＂declined in the Tang,Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties＂.This view doesn＇t agree with historical facts.In fact,Chinese literary theory didn＇t ＂decline＂ but ＂upheave＂ till the Tang,Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties.The Tang Dynasty made its own contributions to Chinese poetics and literary theory.Further deepening the results of the ＂formal movement＂ in the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties,it contributed ＂the view of antithesis＂,promoting the establishment of five-character and seven-character metrical poems,and the view of ＂poetic realm＂,marking the rise of one of the primary theoretical bases of Chinese ＂poetic and literary criticism＂.In the late Tang Dynasty,Sikong Tu offered the views of ＂effect beyond rhymes＂ and ＂aim beyond taste＂,which made profound influence in later days.Up till the Song Dynasty,a real great properity and upheaval occurred in the world of poetic and literary criticism.Varieties of critical works,such poetic review,ci-poetry review,and literary review appeared one after another,starting an unprecedented flourishing period of Chinese literature.Till the Ming and Qing Dynasties,＂Chinese poetic and literary criticism＂ had been well-established as a field of humanistic study.

关 键 词：中国古代文论 唐代文论 宋代文论 金代文论 元代文论 

分 类 号：I206.09[文学—中国文学]