控制大豆与玉米间作田杂草的除草剂初步筛选  

Preliminary Screening of Herbicides Applied to Soybean-Maize Intercropping Fields

作　　者：赵银月[1] 耿智德[1] 张莲芝[1] 王铁军[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《杂草科学》2013年第1期30-33,共4页Weed Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号:CARS-04-CES29)

摘　　要：农田杂草已成为云南省主要农作物——大豆生产的限制因素之一。在大豆与玉米间作条件下,采用土壤喷雾处理方法初步筛选了5种除草剂,并考察其防效和安全性及作物产量。结果表明:96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油、90%乙草胺乳油、33%二甲戊灵乳油、50%扑草净可湿性粉剂、96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油+50%扑草净可湿性粉剂对禾本科、阔叶草防效好,对莎草科防效稍差;施药后15 d的总草防效为90.86%～97.65%;施药后30 d总草防效为91.63%～99.85%,鲜重防效达91.98%～99.88%,大豆增产幅度为-1.34%～43.98%。5种除草剂对大豆都有一定的药害症状,但从防效和对安全性及作物产量的影响分析,96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油、33%二甲戊灵乳油、50%扑草净可湿性粉剂、96%都尔+50%扑草净可湿性粉剂等4种除草剂比较适合用于大豆与玉米的间作田块。Farmland weeds have become one of the limiting production factors in the major soybean cropping areas in Yun nan Province. The efficacy of five herbicides, their crop selectivity, and effect on crop yield were determined after their soil application under a soybean - maize intercropping system. The herbicides S - metolachlor （96% EC）, acetochlor （90% EC） ,pendimethalin （33% EC） ,prometryn （50% WO） and S - metolachlor （96% EC） plus prometryn （50% WP） controlled grasses and broadleaf weeds better than Cyperaceae. Efficacy was 90.9% - 97.6% and 91.6% -99.8% when herbicides were applied at 15 and 30 days,respectively. The herbicidal efficacy based on fresh weight was 92.0% -99.9% when applied at 30 days,which resulted in a soybean yield increase of - 1.3% -44.0%. All five herbicides produced some phytotoxicity to soybean, but considering their herbicidal efficiency, general safety to soybean and maize and yield performance,it is possible to use them for controlling weeds in the soybean - maize intercropping system.

关 键 词：除草剂筛选 大豆与玉米间作 农田杂草 除草效果 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]