石羊河上游林区景观空间邻接特征及生态安全分析  

Spatial neighboring characteristics among forest landscape types patches on the upper reaches of Shiyang River Basin and its ecological security

作　　者：汤萃文[1,2] 张忠明[3] 苏研科[1,2] 郭明[4] 杨莎莎[1] 王天强[1] 杨啸林[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2013年第2期311-317,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201002);甘肃省教育厅研究生导师计划项目(1104-07);国家自然科学基金项目(40901095);兰州交通大学“青蓝”人才工程基金项目(QL-08-04A);兰州交通大学博士后专项基金资助

摘　　要：在干旱区山地,荒地斑块特征可反映植被的破碎化及退化状况,农田斑块特征可反映自然植被景观受农田开垦的威胁程度,而其它景观类型与这两种类型斑块的邻接特征可间接反映这些类型潜在的植被退化风险大小或受农田开垦的威胁程度。以Landsat/TM及林相图作为数据源,在桌面GIS下解译出石羊河上游的哈溪林区各景观类型,计算了各景观类型与荒地和农田的空间邻接长度和数目比例,并利用缓冲区分析方法计算了荒地和农田对各景观的影响面积。在此基础上通过计算各类型植被退化风险大小和受农田开垦的威胁程度,定量分析了研究区各景观类型的生态安全性。结果表明:灌丛和草地与荒地的邻接边长和数目较大,由放牧活动引起的植被破碎化和退化的风险较大,而乔木林种与农田的邻接长度、数目较大,受农田开垦的威胁较为严重;景观整体植被退化的风险(0.28)高于受农田威胁程度(0.11);各类型植被退化风险值的差别不明显,但灌丛草地相对较高,而各乔木林种受农田开垦的威胁程度明显高于灌丛和草地;基于景观类型空间邻接的生态安全评价分析可以初步反映干旱区山地景观受人类活动影响的威胁程度。There is highly significant to estimate the ecological security of the forest landscape ecosystem in the up per reaches of Shiyang River basin which has become the typical ecological degeneration region in arid inland river basin in China recently. In the arid mountains area, the patches characteristics of wasteland can reflect the state of degeneration of vegetation, and the patches characteristic of farmland can reflect the threatening degree of natural vegetation damaged by farmland reclamation. So the magnitudes of potential risk of vegetation degeneration and the threatening degree of farmland reclamation of the forest landscape types should be indicated by analyzing spatial neighboring characteristics between these landscape types patches and the wasteland paths or farmland paths indi rectly. In this paper, the ecological security of forest landscape ecosystem in Haxi forest area located in the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin was estimated by quantitatively analyzing neighboring characteristics between the forest landscape types patches and wasteland or farmland patches. With the support of GIS technology, and taking the Landsat/TM images and forest form map as the data source, the landscape types in study area were obtained by employing the artificial interpretation method. The forest landscape was classified into seven landscape types which was grassland, wasteland, farmland, Picea crassifollia forest , Sabina prezewalskii forest, broadleaf forest and shrub bery. Spatial analysis methods were used to calculate the spatial neighboring length and number between forest types and wasteland or farmland, and buffer zone analysis was used to calculate the areas influenced by wasteland and farmland. On this basis the threatening degree of mountain forest ecological security in the arid region was discussed. The results showed that shrub had most neighboring length and numbers with wasteland , and grassland had the most proportion of neighboring length. It indicated that the shrub and grassland had more threa

关 键 词：森林景观 空间邻接 生态安全 石羊河上游 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]