地表起垄微聚流技术对渭北果园土壤水分分布的影响  

Effects of Micro Rainfall Collection by Ridging on Soil Water Distribution in Apple Orchard of Weibei Tableland

作　　者：揣峻峰[1] 谢永生[2] 索改弟[1] 杨亚利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第2期187-192,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001036)

摘　　要：以渭北果园盛果期果树为研究对象,对地表起垄微聚流技术调控下0—600cm土壤剖面水分含量在时间和空间上的分布状况进行了研究。结果显示:(1)在地表起垄微聚流处理下,年平均储水量为1 537.9mm,高于对照9.99%,年周期内呈现双峰曲线变化趋势,分别在9月(1 616.2 mm)和2月(1 665.2mm)达到高峰。(2)该技术能提高土壤剖面的土壤含水量。随土层深度的增加,土壤剖面水分空间分布呈现出减小—增大—减小的波浪型变化趋势。保水作用由强转弱后逐渐增强,可有效缓解果园深层土壤干燥化,有利于果园生态系统的健康稳定发展。(3)该技术能提高土壤水分利用效率,增加果树产量,改善果实品质。研究表明,地表起垄微聚流技术能有效利用膜垄的集水和沟覆盖的蓄水保墒功能,显著提高降水的利用效率,改善果树的水分状况,维持果园生态系统的稳定性。By taking apple trees in full fruit period in an orchard of the Weibei Tableland as the research object, the temporal variation and spatial distribution of soil water content in a 600 cm soil profile were studied using the technique of micro rainfall collection by surface ridging. Results showed that using the technique, average annual soil water storage increased to 1 537.9 mm, 9.99~ higher than that of the control （clean till- age）. Soil water storage presented the curve trend with double peaks that reached 1 616.2 mm in September and 1 665.2 mm in February. The technique enabled soil water content in the profile to increase. With increased soil depth, the spatial distribution of soil water in the profile presented a wavy decline--rise--decline tendency and water conservation changed from high to low and then increased which may effectively relieve the desiccation of deeper soil layer in orchard and is of benefit to the sustainable development of orchard ecosystem. The technique could enhance water use efficiency, raise apple yield, and improve apple quality. In conclusion, taking advantage of rainfall collected by ridging and film and water conservation functions of surface ridging and furrow covering, the technique can significantly increase rainfall use efficiency, improve the water conditions of apple orchard and maintain the stability of the orchard ecosystem.

关 键 词：地表起垄微聚流技术 水分分布 渭北果园 蓄水保墒 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S65[农业科学—农业基础科学]