苏北地区农村居民生活用水排水方式及对周边水环境认知研究  

Research on the Treatment of Domestic Water and Perception of Aquatic Environment from Farmers’Aspect in North Jiangsu Province

作　　者：段雪梅[1] 陆海明[2] 赵海涛[1] 孟丹[3] 严明[4] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]南京水利科学研究院/水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044 [4]河海大学环境学院,南京210098

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第11期173-179,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"苏北平原河网区中小尺度磷素迁移过程与持留特征研究"(50809040);水利部公益性行业专项"基于水文实验流域的污染物迁移规律研究"(201201026);中央分成水资源费项目"区域水资源管理的系统优化控制与评估"(1261230210025)

摘　　要：为了解苏北地区农村水环境保护现状及农户环保认知水平,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨了苏北地区盱眙县和射阳县农户取用水特征、环境行为及其对当地水环境评价和政府政策管理认知。结果表明:盱眙县农村饮用水水源以湖库集中取水与农村分散自备井供水为主,射阳县以河流水与地下水集中取供水为主。自备井农户用水量明显高于以自来水为主要用水来源的农户。农户水环境行为缺乏理性,农户生活污水粗放式排放、习惯将垃圾倒入沟河或露天堆放,导致垃圾拥堵河道、水污染问题严重。人畜粪便处理以进化粪池和堆肥还田为主,秸秆处理以燃料燃烧和粉碎还田为主。农户整体参与环保意识不强,呈现"政府依赖型"环境意识。In order to understand the current situation of environmental protection cognitive level in northern area rural water environmental protection and farmers＇ of Jiangsu, this research discussed farmers＇ water utilization characteristics, environmental behavior, and their evaluation of the local water environment and perception in government management policy by means of questionnaire survey in Xuyi and Sheyang, two counties in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that： drinking water in rural of Xuyi came mainly from centralized lake-reservoir and scattered self-provided well water supply, while river water and centralized groundwater became the main source of the drinking water in Sheyang. And the water consumption of the farmers who got water from self-provided well was significantly higher than those who used tap water. Farmers, usually with irrational environmental behavior, discharged the domestic sewage in an extensive wayand were always treating rubbish by dumping it in the river or simply with an open-air stack, which led to serious environmental problems, such as riverway blockages and water pollution. People treated human and animal excreta mainly by dumping it into the septic tank or returning it to field after compost, while the major disposing ways of straw was burning it for use as fuel or returning it to field after comminution. The study proved that farmer＇s environmental awareness, which was presented as the type of ＇depends on government＇, was in urgent need to be improved.

关 键 词：苏北地区 农户 生活用水 水环境 环境行为 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]