唐代刑部尚书的出身阶层与入仕途径  

Family Background and the Road to Officialdom for Ministers of the Board of Punishment in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：王建峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第3期106-117,167,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(批准号:09YJC770045);山东大学自主创新基金项目的阶段性成果

摘　　要：唐代刑部尚书来源于多个社会阶层。受士族政治余风的影响,绝大多数仍出身地方郡姓,其中半数以上来自于魏晋南北朝以来的士家大族;来自宗室和地方小姓者则为数不多,出身寒门者更属个别。但是,士族政治已渐趋衰落,即便是具有旧士族血统的刑部尚书,也很少通过门荫入仕,而科举考试已经成为他们入仕的主要途径,其中尤以进士科为最。值得注意的是,唐代虽然设立律学馆以培养法学专门人才,科举中又特别设置明法科来选拔法学优秀人才,刑部尚书却并无一人由明法科出身。究其原因在于:律学地位较低,明法科出身者仕途前景不佳,社会风气重视经学文章而轻视律学,来自社会较高阶层的贵族子弟竟逐明经、进士等科而对明法科不屑一顾。Ministers of the Board of Punishment (Xingbu Shangshu) came from different social classes during the Tang period.More than half of them were hereditary nobles whose families were involved in nobility politics since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.However , nobility politics declined in the Tang Dynasty.For the ministers of the Board of Punishment , including those from hereditary noble families , the imperial examination replaced the system of recruitment based on one's noble ranking.Moreover , the section of Jin-shi was supreme among all the subjects of the examination.Even though special schools were set up for studying law , and one part of the imperial exam included a 'law-specialty' section,no ministers were chosen from among them.This is principally because society placed great importance on knowledge of Confucian classics and statecraft which another section of Jin-shi measured.

关 键 词：唐代 刑部尚书 士族 科举 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K242[政治法律—中外政治制度]