基于双加工理论解释下信念偏差效应的神经机制  

Neural Mechanisms of the Belief-bias Effect Based on Dual Process Theories

作　　者：罗俊龙[1] 张恩涛[2] 岳彩镇[3] 唐晓晨[1] 钟俊[2] 张庆林[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [3]重庆文理学院教育学院,重庆402160 [4]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2013年第5期800-807,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200768);上海师范大学校级重点学科;上海师范大学校级文科科研项目资助

摘　　要：信念偏差效应是指人们已有的知识信念对逻辑推理的影响现象。对此,双加工理论认为这是由于信念偏向系统和逻辑分析系统之间的冲突所导致的。近年来,该理论得到来自认知神经科学证据的有力支持:一方面,基于功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、近红外光谱(NIRS)以及重复性经颅磁刺激(rTMS)等技术的研究从不同角度证实右侧前额皮层与信念偏差抑制有关;另一方面,基于脑电(ERP)的研究表明,晚期正成分和晚期负成分可能参与了不同推理类型下信念偏差效应的认知加工。未来的研究可以从工作记忆、不同加工阶段、推理前提本身可信度、实验分析、实验材料生态学效度以及思维训练等方面对信念偏差效应作进一步探索。The belief bias effect refers to a phenomenon that the performance of participants in a logical reasoning task is influenced by their prior beliefs. As dual process theory as＇sumes, this effect is based on the conflict between the belief system and the analytic system. Recent studies from cognitive neuroscience have provided strong evidence for this view. Specifically, on the one hand, neuroimaging studies （in which from varied perceptive） using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） have demonstrated that the inhibition of belief-bias is associated with increased activation of the right prefrontal cortex （PFC）. On the other hand, studies using event-related potentials （ERPs） have found that some ERP components （e.g., late positive component and late negative component） were associated with the cognitive process of belief-bias effect in different reasoning types. Further studies should be concerned with the following aspects： working memory, different stages of processing, believability of premises, analysis of experiment, ecological validity of the materials, thinkinz training, and so on.

关 键 词：信念偏差效应 双加工理论 神经机制 右侧前额皮层 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]