温敏核不育小麦可育和不育花药的细胞化学观察  

Cytochemical Observation of Fertile and Sterile Anthers of Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Wheat

作　　者：李东霄[1] 李淦[1] 冯素伟[1] 茹振钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院小麦研究中心,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第5期878-884,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD07B02);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A106);河南省重大科技专项基金(111100110100)资助

摘　　要：温敏核不育小麦BNS可育花药发育中,脂类物质一直很少。在小孢子分裂前,花药中的淀粉粒也不多。小孢子分裂形成二胞花粉后,伴随着营养细胞中大液泡的消失和细胞质内含物的增加,细胞质中出现淀粉粒并持续增加。即将开花的成熟花粉中积累大量淀粉粒,是其营养物质积累特征。不育花药在小孢子分裂以前与可育花药相似,小孢子未显示结构差异。小孢子分裂形成二胞花粉后,不育花粉营养细胞中的大液泡不消失,细胞质内含物也不持续增加,淀粉粒的积累终止,最终导致其没有内含物的积累。这种淀粉代谢的异常与花粉败育有关。Cytochemical observation of fertile and sterile anthers of thermo-sensifive genic male-sterile wheat （Triticum astivum L.） indicated that lipids in both fertile and sterile anthers were very few during their development. Starches in both anthers were few too before microspore division. In fertile anthers, after microspore division and forming a bi-cellular pollen grain, the big vacuole in vegetative cell of pollen was disintegrated and disappeared, and the cytoplasmic inclusion and starch grains increased persistently. The mature pollen accumulated many starch grains. In sterile anthers, the structure of pollen was similar to that of fertile pollen before microspore division, without much difference between them. After forming a bi-cellular pollen, however, the big vacuole in vegetative cell was not disintegrated and disappeared, the cytoplasmic inclusion decreased, and the accumulated starches in pollen also disappeared. Finally, the pollen grains aborted with its cytoplasmic inclusion disintegration in bi-cellular state. Pollen abortion in this male sterile wheat is related to starch metabolism.

关 键 词：小麦 雄性不育 花药 花粉 淀粉 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]