行数与行距配置对带状条播小麦群体及个体质量的影响  

Effect of Number and Interspace of Planting Rows on Population and Individual Quality of Strip-Drilling Wheat

作　　者：郑亭[1] 樊高琼[1] 陈溢[1] 李金刚[1] 荣晓椒[1] 李国瑞[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第5期885-895,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-3);四川省学术和技术带头人培养资金;四川农业大学优秀硕士论文培育基金(YSPY1203)资助

摘　　要：为探索四川丘陵区机播带状小麦最优行数与行距配置方式及其播种机开沟器间距设计,2010—2012连续两年度,以紧凑型品种川农27和半紧凑型品种绵麦367为材料,在带宽2m和150×104hm-2固定密度下,以传统"双三零"模式(带宽2m,20cm等行距5行)为对照,设置每带3行和行距30cm+30cm(F3-1)、每带3行和行距35cm+35cm(F3-2)、每带3行和行距40cm+40cm(F3-3)、每带4行和行距20cm+20cm+20cm(F4-1)、每带4行和行距20cm+30cm+20cm(F4-2)以及每带4行和行距20cm+40cm+20cm(F4-3)等6种配置方式,研究其对田间通风透光和群体及个体质量的影响。结果表明,种植行数由5行减少到3或4行,同时增大行距后,孕穗期倒三叶位及基部透光率显著提高,群体内部空气流通加强。通风透光条件的改善显著提升了内行群体及个体质量,但对边行的影响较小,边行优势大幅削减,内行表现为成穗率提高,有效穗增多,孕穗到乳熟期叶面积消减速率减缓,干物质积累量增多,穗粒数、单穗重及产量提高。F3-3和F4-3处理的产量超过对照,是该地区带状机条播小麦行数与行距的最佳配置方式;F3-2和F4-2处理的产量与对照相当,但内行个体质量指标优于对照,也可替代传统"双三零"模式。Winter wheat is widely planted in the hilly regions in southwest china, mainly in strip-relay-intercropping system. Wheat land is traditionally prepared in strips containing five equidistant rows. The objective of this study was to optimize the number and interspace of planting rows for land preparation using machines in the hilly regions in Sichuan Province, China. A two-year field experiment was carried out, using two plant-type cultivars, Chuannong 27 of the compact-short type and Mianmai 367 of the intermediate type. Under fixed strip width （2 m） and planting density （150× 10^4 hm^-1）, six planting patterns were com-pared, which were traditional pattern （CK）, three-row with 30 cm＋30 cm intervals （F3-1）, three-row with 35 cm＋35 cm intervals （F3-2）, three-row with 40 cm＋40 cm intervals （F3-3）, four-row with 20 cm＋20 cm＋20 cm intervals （F4-1）, four-row with 20 cm＋30 cm＋20 cm intervals （F4-2）, and four-row with 20 cm＋40 cm＋20 cm intervals （F4-3）. The field aeration light transmission condition and quality of population and individual were surveyed at different growth stages. The results indicated that reduction of row number per strip and increase of row spacing resulted in higher light transmission rate at the top and basal parts of plant population at booting stage, and the circulation of air reinforced. With the improved aeration and light transmission condition, quality of population and individual and yield significantly increased, but those of edge row almost remained unchanged, thus the border advantage was cut down. Meanwhile, the related quality index of inner row showed that, spike setting rate and effective spike number increased, furthermore, the decline rate of leaf area greatly decreased from booting to milky stage, besides, the ac- cumulation of dry weight increased, and then, grain per spike, spike weight and yield increased. Finally, higher yields were ob-tained in treatments F3-3 and F4-3 compared to CK. Therefore, treatments F3-3 or F4-3 ha

关 键 词：行数与行距 带状条播 小麦 群体及个体质量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]