生态指标研究的若干问题  

Some problems on ecological indicator research

作　　者：周杨明[1] 于秀波[2] 鄢帮有[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,江西南昌330046 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第3期541-546,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江西省科技重大专项(20114ABG01100-1-05-1);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC11B05)

摘　　要：随着全球生态与环境问题的日益严峻,各国政府和公众对生态系统状况的关注程度日益增加,如何度量生态系统状况成为了生态学者和管理者面临的重大课题。生态指标是生态系统的组成、结构和功能方面的可度量的特征,它是监测生态系统状态变化和评价相关生态与环境政策的基础,也是联系生态科学与决策管理的重要纽带。简要回顾了生态指标的概念、应用与研究进展,探讨了生态指标的监测目标与选择标准、指标适用的时空尺度、指标的敏感性与稳定性、指标与社会经济因素的结合等几个重要问题。文章认为,有效地使用生态指标必须符合如下要求:监测目标清楚;时空尺度明确;参考状态清晰;了解指标定量化过程中的精度和准确性;与具体的胁迫因子相联系;与社会经济指标相结合。实际上,由生态学家和决策者共同参与开发出来的生态指标能够以一种易于公众和决策者的理解和交流的方式来提供生态信息,能够使生态科学知识更好地服务于可持续发展的相关决策。这种生态指标不仅可以用于监测生态系统状态变化,而且可以用于评估相关政策的得失。从生态科学到决策管理,生态指标都具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景。可以预见,像经济指标指导经济发展的作用一样,生态指标将在维持生态系统可持续发展方面发挥越来越重要的作用。With the increasing global environmental issues, the global government and public care deeply about what is happening to their surrounds. How to measure the ecosystem changing is becoming the priority of the ecologists and policy makers. Ecological indicator is a kind of measurable characteristics related to the structure, composition, or function of ecosystem. Ecological indicator can monitor the changes of ecosystem and assess the effectivity of ecological and environmental policy. The concept, application and progress of ecological indicator were reviewed in this paper. And some important problems about ecological indicator were discussed, such as the monitoring goal and selecting criteria, the applicable temporal-spatial scale, the sensitivity and steadiness, the combining with the social and economic indicators. In order to use the ecological indicators effectively, some rules should be followed： the monitoring target of ecological indicators should be clear and definite; the reference status of ecological indicators should be identified; the accuracy of quantification should be under control; the reason which cause the change of the ecological indicators should be identified; and the ecological indicators should be linked to the social and economic indicators. In fact, the ecological indicator that developed by ecologists together with policy makers can translate the complicated ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers in an easy understanding way, which make the informed decisions with ecological knowledge more effectively. In a word, the ecological indicators can play an important role in both ecological sciences and policy-making.

关 键 词：生态指标 生态系统 监测 生态政策 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]