古汉字讹变原因新探——以《说文解字》和《说文广义》舟部字偏旁“舟”讹变为例  

Researches into Possible Causes of Erroneous Transformation of Ancient Chinese Characters:Illustrated by the Erroneous Transformation of the Character Component "zhou" in Shuowenjiezi and shuowenguangyi

作　　者：彭再新[1] 周鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学文法学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《邵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2013年第2期79-84,共6页Journal of Shaoyang University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：衡阳市社科基金重点项目"王夫之〈说文广义〉研究"(2012B41)

摘　　要：历代学者包括王夫之对古汉字讹变原因多有阐释,但未能阐释同一偏旁的字有的讹变有的不讹变的原因。《说文解字》舟部字舟、船、服、朕、俞以及舟部外的部分汉字如前、受、朝、恒偏旁"舟"的形体从甲骨文到隶书发生了演变。利用出土文献和《说文广义》的阐释研究"舟"的形体演变,可以看出舟部字后世用法的核心义项仍与"舟"有关的字在形体演变中大体没有变化,这部分字在现在依然从舟,作舟,共13个;其他字讹变成从月,有服、朕、俞。由此可推测,同一偏旁的字偏旁不讹变原因在于其核心义项不变,核心义项变化了就可能讹变。Scholars of past dynasties, Wang Fuzhi included, tried to explain why erroneous transformation occurred to ancient Chinese characters without touching why errors happened to some of the characters containing the same component but not to others. In the book of Shuowenjiezi, the character component ＂zhou （ 舟 ）＂ has evolved from inscriptions on tortoise shells to official script, not only in characters like ＂zhou （ 舟 ） ＂, ＂chuan （ 船 ） ＂, ＂fu （服 ） ＂, ＂zhen （ 朕 ） ＂, ＂yu （ 俞 ）＂ but also in characters like ＂qian （ 前 ） ＂, ＂shou （受 ） ＂, ＂chao （ 朝 ） ＂, ＂heng （ 恒 ） ＂. While studying the formal evoltion of ＂zhou （ 舟 ）＂ consulting the unearthed documents, the following conclusion can be drawn： few changes have occurred to those characters containing the component ＂zhou （ 舟 ）＂ whose core meaning is still related to ＂zhou （ 舟 ）＂ meaning a boat. There are thirteen such Chinese characters. Other characters containing the component have been erroneously transformed into those with the component ＂yue （ 月 ） ＂, like ＂fu （ 服 ） ＂, ＂zhen （ 朕 ） ＂and ＂yu （ 俞 ） ＂. Judging from the above, whether erroneous transformation happened or not lies in the core meaning, that is, changes might take place with the core meaning changed.

关 键 词：讹变 原因 《说文解字》 《说文广义》 舟 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]