马铃薯的钾素需求及营养诊断  

Potassium requirement of potato and diagnosis of potato potassium status

作　　者：康文钦[1] 石晓华[1] 敖孟奇[1] 秦永林[1] 樊明寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第2期1-4,共4页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑项目"新型缓控释肥与有机肥开发关键技术研究与产业化示范"(2011BAD11B05-10);农业部行业专项"农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用-马铃薯高产高效养分管理技术"(201103003)

摘　　要：了解马铃薯的钾素营养特点是马铃薯养分管理的基础,综述了马铃薯钾素营养的研究进展,并提出了进一步研究的方向。尽管文献报道的马铃薯需钾量存在差异,但已有的研究结果表明,马铃薯是需钾量较大的作物,其对钾素的需求多于其他元素。而且与小麦等作物相比,马铃薯的钾素营养效率较低。已有的研究还证实土壤交换性钾含量与马铃薯产量的关系并不稳定,仅依靠土壤测试制定钾肥施用方案存在较大的误差,因而马铃薯钾素营养状况诊断并依此指导生育期钾肥施用就显得必要。业已发现叶柄钾浓度能很好的反映马铃薯植株的钾素营养状况,对土壤供钾高度敏感,与块茎产量存在很好的数量关系,因此,用于指导马铃薯施肥的叶柄的临界钾浓度被不同研究人员确立,但干重基础的叶柄钾浓度指标指导施肥实践的时效性较差,这意味着简便快速的诊断方法有待建立。Understanding of potato potassium nutrition is the base for potato nutrient management, therefore the progress in potato K nutrition is summarized in this review. Despite the differences existed in the literatures about potassium requirement by potato, one conclusion can be made that potato need K in large amount, and it demands more for K than for other ele- ment. Comparing with wheat and other crops, potato has lower K use efficiency. Previous studies have also confirmed the relationship between soil exchangeable potassium content and potato yield is not stable, therefore the potassium fertilization relying on soil test has no solid ground. In this case, potato potassium nutrition diagnosis becomes necessary for directing on season K fertilization. Plenty of works have found that potato petiole K concentration can be good indictor for both soil potas- sium availability and potato tuber yield, therefore the critical potato petiole K concentrations were established by different groups. However, the petiole K concentration index is on dry weight basis, which is not good for directing fertilization time- ly, implying that a simple and rapid diagnostic method need to be established.

关 键 词：马铃薯 钾素营养 钾素诊断 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] S532[农业科学—作物学]