供述自愿性的权力保障模式  

Protection Mode of Voluntary Confession by Power

作　　者：马静华[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2013年第3期158-171,共14页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(skqx 201105);西南政法大学2012年度校级重大课题(2012-xzzd01)的共同资助

摘　　要：在我国,通过权利保障维护供述自愿性的理论构想并未透过现行刑事诉讼法全面体现。在供述自愿性的权利保障模式之外,还存在通过外部权力制衡审讯权力,从而间接维护供述自由的权力保障模式。以侦讯的"基本有效性"为外部限度,供述自愿性的权力保障模式应具备如下特征:审讯时间方面,审讯只能在白天进行,且不能持续太长时间,两次审讯之间应有保障受审人饮食和睡眠的必要时间;审讯空间和审讯主体方面,以"平行式"空间布局为基础,配之以独立、尽责的场所管理者;审讯工具方面,应配置自动化的或由审讯场所管理者独立操作的审讯记录、监控设施。新刑诉法和警务机制改革不同程度地体现了权力保障模式的基本内容,但单一的权力保障模式不足以解决强迫性审讯的所有问题,保障供述自愿性的理想模式应当是权利保障机制与权力制衡机制的有机结合。The new Criminal Procedure Code constructs preliminary the rights protection mode of vol- untary confession, based on the principle of against self-incrimination. However, it is still far from the ideal mode. Beside the rights protection mode, there is also a power protection mode which checks and balances of interrogative power by external power and protects indirectly the suspects＇ vol- untary confession. By establishing the systems of appropriate presence of adults, diet and rest during interrogation, timely imprisonment after detention, the legalisation of the place for custodial interrogation, and the synchronisation of audio and video recording, the newly amended Criminal Procedure Code imposes its control over the interrogative power, which has partially reflected the characteristics and require- ments of the power protection mode. But the system reform is incomplete yet. The experience of other countries shows that a single protection mode is not enough to solve all the problems of forced interrogation, therefore the ideal mode to protect voluntary confession should be a combination of the rights protection mechanism and the power checks and balances mechanism. Based on the principle of against self-incrimination, on one hand, the legislative reform and judicial practice in criminal proceedings need to continue to improve the checks and balances of power, and on the other hand, the investigative procedure reform should also introduce the rights protection mode, improve the litigative ability of the suspects and strengthen their ability to counter forced interrogation.

关 键 词：反对强迫自证其罪 供述自愿性 权利保障模式 权力保障模式 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]