实度对直叶片垂直轴风力机风轮气动性能的影响分析  

Effects Analysis of Solidity on Aerodynamic Performance of Straight-bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

作　　者：张立勋[1] 梁迎彬 李二肖 尉越啸[1] 杨勇[1,2] 郭健[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨瑞哈科技发展有限公司,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第5期169-174,168,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：黑龙江省科技计划资助项目(TA09Q801);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(HEUCF110707)

摘　　要：实度是直叶片垂直轴风力机设计的关键参数,对风力机气动性能起主导作用。分析并建立了垂直轴风力机局部流场下的力学模型,研究实度与气动性能的关系;对风力机进行了数值模拟,分析了叶片的动态力学特性,并重点研究风轮半径、弦长及叶片数量对风能利用率的影响;进行了样机实验验证了数值模拟的精度与可靠性。研究发现:实度增加,风力机在低尖速比下的启动特性得到改善,但产生高风能利用率的有效尖速比范围变小;样机实度为0.628时,2叶片和4叶片风轮的输出功率相当,但4叶片风轮的输出功率比2叶片风轮更稳定;实度参数对风能利用率贡献不同,弦长变化可提高风能利用率的峰值,而叶片数量的增加会降低风能利用率的峰值。Solidity is a significant design parameter for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine （S-VAWT） which has great impacts on aerodynamic performance. Mechanical models at local flow field were built to obtain the relationship between solidity and aerodynamic performance. Numerical investigations were implemented for the dynamic mechanical properties of blade, and efforts were devoted into the influences of radius, chord length and blade number on power coefficient. Experimental investigations were conducted to verify the accuracy and reliability of calculation results. From the results, it was concluded that, self-starting performance at low tip speed ratio was improved by increasing solidity, while the effective region of tip speed ratio to generate high power become smaller. Power coefficient of two and four supporting arms was almost the same when solidity was 0. 628, but power output of four was more stable. Parameters of solidity played different role in contribution to power coefficient. Chord length had great effects on increasing the peak of power coefficient, while the blade number will reduce the power coefficient.

关 键 词：直叶片垂直轴风力机 实度 力学模型 气动性能 风能利用率 

分 类 号：TK89[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]