“公司+农户”模式生猪供应链中农户最优饲养规模研究  

Optimal farmer size in contract farming mode hog supply chain

作　　者：胡凯[1,2] 甘筱青[1] 

机构地区：[1]九江学院商学院,九江332005 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,武汉430047

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2013年第5期1200-1206,共7页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71162023);江西省软科学课题(2010DR030500);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ12618);九江学院科研创新团队项目

摘　　要：价格大幅波动以及猪肉安全是困扰我国生猪产业的两大问题,要从根源上解决,必须提高农户饲养规模,并建立农户和公司之间的直接稳定关系.研究在"公司"和"农户"直接联系的生猪供应链中,农户规模需要多大才能使得供应链契约稳定,并进而保障猪肉安全呢?认为公司和农户相互之间进行专用性资产投资,按照饲养规模和合作周期的关系,把公司和农户的交易成本(含专用性资产投资)分为四类,并构建了各自的成本收益函数,对函数定性分析认为:无论是对于农户而言还是对于企业而言,对单个农户的饲养规模都具有一定的要求,单个农户的饲养规模太小则长期契约无法保障,品质也没有保障.在此基础上定量求解二次型规划,并进行数值模拟,得出结论:单个农户的饲养规模越大,则公司与农户的合作年限(即契约长短)越长,农户的饲养品质越高,猪肉安全越有保障;其原因是单个农户的规模越大,相互投入的专用性资产越高,越愿意建立并维护长期契约关系.且农户投入的专用性资产(包括规模专用性资产和品质专用性资产)等于企业为该农户投入的专用性资产与农户饲养边际变动成本之和的1/2.Price volatility as well as the pork safety are the two major issues in China＇s pork industry, in order to address the root causes, we must improve the farming size, establish direct and stable relationship between the farmers and the company. We study what is the optimal farm size, to make hog supply chain under contract farming model stability, and protect the pork safety. There have mutual investment in specific assets between the company and farmers in contract farming. According to the relationship among the cost and breeding size and cooperation term, transaction costs of companies and farmers （including specific assets investment） is divided into four categories, and build the cost-benefit function. The qualitative analysis shows both for farmers and for businesses, individual farmers must meet certain size. If the single farmer size is too small, the long-term contracts cannot be guaranteed, and the pork safety is also cannot be guaranteed. Quantitative solving quadratic programming, and numerical simulation show that： The individual farmers with larger scale, the company and farmer cooperation period is longer, farmer＇s product quality is higher; the reason is that the individual farmers with larger scale, asset specificity mutual investment is high, the more willing to establish and maintain long-term contract relationship and farmer＇s specialized assets are equal to half of the sum of enterprise＇s specialized assets and farmer＇s marginal cost.

关 键 词：生猪供应链 猪肉安全 生猪饲养规模 “公司+农户” 交易费用 

分 类 号：F324[经济管理—产业经济]