自尊与心理性应激的关系初探  

Correlation between Self-esteem and Psychosocial Stress

作　　者：杨娟[1,2] 侯燕[1,2] 杨瑜[1,2] 陈伟海[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第3期675-680,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900397);重庆市科委自然科学基金项目(CQ CSTC2010BB5001);西南大学211工程国家重点学科建设项目(NSKD11017)的资助

摘　　要：自尊水平影响着个体在应激情境中的内分泌反应,在人个人主义文化下的研究发现,由于低自尊具有较低的内部控制力,因此在应激情境中的唾液皮质醇反应更强烈。本研究以健康中国大学生为被试,分别以Rosenberg自尊量表和特里尔社会应激测试(TSST)为实验手段,以自尊量表得分、主观应激报告(5点量表)和客观应激参数(心率和唾液皮质醇)为指标,在中国文化背景下探讨自尊与心理性应激的关系。结果发现,在TSST开始时(20分钟)自尊与心率呈正相关,自尊水平越高,心率越快;在TSST结束后(60分钟)自尊与唾液皮质醇水平呈正相关,自尊水平越高,唾液皮质醇水平越高。总体来说,相对于低自尊被试而言,高自尊被试在心理性应激情境中的反应更为强烈。研究者推测在中国集体主义文化中,由于集体性自我的评价是自尊的一个重要组成部分,高自尊更加期望集体或社会的积极性评价,因此在心理性应激情境下(即个体的能力被否定的时候),高自尊的应激反应会比低自尊更加强烈。Self-esteem is a broadly defined personality variable referring to the degree to which an individual values and accepts him/ herself. Low self-esteem is associated with greater amounts of perceived daily hassles and chronic stressors. Conversely, high self-esteem tends to be strongly associated with internal locus of control, or the confident perception that one＇s outcomes are determined by one actions. These personality variables have been found to be predictive of people＇s neuroendoerinological reactions to stressful social situations. It was demonstrated that in a mental challenge task only the subjects with low self-esteem and low levels of internal locus of control exhibited a significant cortisol response in the individualism culture. In the present study, we aimed to explore the correlations between self-esteem and psyehosocial stress response in Chinese culture. 28 healthy male and female Chinese volunteers performed Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the standardized trier social stress test （TSST ） protocol, during which scores of self-esteem, subjective measure （visual rating scale） and objective measures （heart rate and salivary cortisol） were assessed. The results showed that participants＇heart rates were positively correlated with their self-esteem scores when the TSST started. 40 minutes after the TSST, participants＇cortisol responses were positively correlated with their self-esteem scores. In all, compared to participants with low self-esteem, those with high level of self-esteem had higher levels of cortisol response during psychosocial stress task. The finding demonstrated that subjects with high self-esteem exhibited significant stress response than low self-esteem in Chinese culture. It was speculated that collectivistic trait is an important part of self-esteem in collectivism culture and high self-esteem is more self-promoting for others＂ positive comments than low self-esteem. Therefore, subjects with high self-esteem exhibited a significant corti- sol response than

关 键 词：心理性应激 自尊 文化差异 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]