蒋介石对日德意三国同盟的反应  

Chiang Kai-shek's Responses to the Triple Alliance of Germany,Italy and Japan

作　　者：鹿锡俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本大东文化大学

出　　处：《近代史研究》2013年第3期4-26,160,共23页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：抗战初期国民政府对结盟问题的理论推断,以"英法苏合作"和"民主国阵营获胜"为前提。由于1939年夏《苏德互不侵犯条约》的签订和1940年春英法在欧战中的溃败,这两个前提一时消失,并带来众多变数,致使蒋介石在对外政策上陷入观望和动摇。1940年9月日德意三国同盟诞生后,围绕中国的国际形势开始好转,但因为苏联的取向未明,蒋喜忧交加,故其初期因应系以中立谋左右逢源。其后,随着对德苏关系及英德战局观察的深入,蒋引导中国外交重返首重美国、促进中美英苏抗日合作的路线。在针对日德意三国同盟的多边外交中,蒋以国际形势压日本接受公正和平的尝试受挫,但其他方面均获基本成功。Early in the Anti-Japanese War,the Nationalist government's theories on forming alliances were based on the presuppositions that 'England,France and the Soviet Union will cooperate' and 'the democratic camp will win the war.' These two premises vanished in the face of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in the summer of 1939 and the collapse the British and French armies in the spring of 1940,adding many variables to the question and leading to Chiang Kai-shek's wavering wait-and-see attitude on foreign policy.After the birth of the Triple Alliance of Germany,Italy and Japan in September 1940,the international situation faced by China began to improve.However,because the Soviet Union's attitude was not clear,Chiang Kai-shek did not know whether to be worried or relieved,so his early response was to leverage neutrality to take advantage of both sides.Following deeper observation of German-Soviet relations and the battle between England and Germany,Chiang guided Chinese diplomacy back to an America-centered policy promoting a cooperative struggle against Japan by China,the USA,Great Britain and the Soviet Union.In Chiang's multi-lateral diplomatic response to the Triple Alliance of Germany,Italy and Japan,he was unable to use international pressure to force Japan to accept a fair peace,but most of his other aims were achieved.

关 键 词：蒋介石 中日战争 欧战 日德意三国同盟 多边外交 

分 类 号：K152[历史地理—历史学]