生态系统及其服务保护评估:指标与方法  

Assessment of ecosystem and its services conservation:Indicators and methods.

作　　者：吕一河[1] 张立伟[1] 王江磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第5期1237-1243,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业专项(201209027-4);国家自然科学基金项目(41171156)资助

摘　　要：生态系统及其服务的保护日益成为保护生态学研究的前沿和热点领域.本文对国际上生态系统保护和生态系统服务评估的最新概念和方法进展进行综述,主要包括生态系统保护状况及濒危或保护优先等级确定的指标、标准,以及生态系统服务评估和保护的主要方法(包括参数法、模型法和定量指标法),并结合中国生态保护研究的进展和需求,明确了急需解决的问题:1)提出适合中国国情的生态系统保护评估的指标、标准和方法;2)发展生态系统服务评估的定量化方法;3)确定生态系统和生态功能保护需求及其空间优化布局;4)生态系统及其服务保护的政策和激励机制.这些问题的解决将会为生态文明建设提供重要保障.To conserve ecosystem and its services is a frontier and hot topic in the researches of conservation ecology. This paper reviewed the newest concepts and methods in the assessment of ecosystem and its services conservation, with the focus on the indicators and criteria for assessing the conservation status and the endangerment level of ecosystem as well as the main methods of eco- system services assessment and conservation （including benefit transfer, systematic modeling, and quantitative indicator-based estimation）. With the consideration of the research progress and the de- mands of ecological conservation in China, some issues to be urgently solved were put forward ： 1 ） formulating the indicators, criteria, and methods suitable for the assessment of ecosystem conserva- tion in China, 2） developing the methodologies for the quantitative assessment of ecosystem serv- ices, 3） determining the demands and optimal spatial arrangement of ecosystem and its services conservation in China, and 4） establishing the policies and incentive mechanisms for ecosystem and its services conservation. The resolution of these issues would supply important guarantee to the de- velopment of ecological civilization in China.

关 键 词：生态保护 生态系统 生态系统服务 系统保护规划 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]