不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响  

Effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat.

作　　者：易立攀[1] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 王东[1] 石玉[1] 赵俊晔[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第5期1361-1366,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171498);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)资助

摘　　要：于2010—2011年选用高产小麦品种济麦22进行大田试验,设置0～20 cm(W_1)、0～40 cm(W_2)、0～60 cm(W_3)和0～140cm(W_4)4个测墒补灌土层,于越冬期(目标相对含水量均为75%)、拔节期(目标相对含水量均为70%)和开花期(目标相对含水量均为70%)进行测墒补灌,以全生育期不灌水处理(W_0)为对照,研究不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响.结果表明:小麦越冬期、拔节期和开花期补充灌水量为W_3>W_2>W_1,W_4处理小麦越冬期和拔节期补充灌水量较少,但开花期补灌量显著高于其他处理;全生育期补灌量占总耗水量的比例为W_4、W_3>W_2>W_1.土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例为W_1>W_2>W_3>W_4;随测墒补灌土层深度的增加,土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例减少;W_2处理80～140cm和160～200 cm土层土壤水消耗量显著高于W_3和W_4处理.各处理的总补灌量为W_3>W_4>W_2>W_1;籽粒产量为W_2、W_3、W_4>W_1>W_0,W_2、W_3、W_4间无显著差异;水分利用效率为W_2、W_4>W_0、W_1>W_3,W_2与W_4之间无显著差异.综合考虑灌水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率,W_2处理是本试验条件下的最佳处理,即以0～40 cm土层测墒补灌效果最优.In 2010-2011, a field experiment with high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture con- tent in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four soil layers （0-20 cm, W1; 0-40 cm, W2; 0-60 cm, W3; and 0-140 cm, W4） were de- signed to make the supplemental irrigation at wintering stage （target soil relative moisture content = 75% ）, jointing stage （target soil relative moisture content=70% ）, and anthesis stage （target soil relative moisture content = 70% ）, taking no irrigation （Wo ） during the whole growth season as the control. At the wintering, jointing, and anthesis stages, the required irrigation amount followed the order of W3 〉 W2 〉 Wl. Treatment W4 required smaller irrigation amount at wintering and jointing stages, but significantly higher one at anthesis stage than the other treatments. The proportion of the irrigation amount relative to the total water consumption over the entire growth season followed the sequence of W4, W3 〉 W2 〉 W1. By contrast, the proportion of soil water consumption relative to the total water consumption followed the trend of W1 〉 W2 〉 W3 〉 W4. With the increase of the test soil depths, the soil water utilization ratio decreased. The water consumption in 80-140 cm and 160-200 cm soil layers was significantly higher in W2 than in W3 and W4. The required total irriga- tion amount was in the order of W3〉 W4〉 W2〉 W1, the grain yield was in the order of W2, W3, W4〉 W1〉 W0, and the water use efficiency followed the order of W2, W,〉 Wn, W, 〉 W3. To consider-the irrigation amount, grain yield, and water use etliciency comprenenslve, y, L 2 under our experimental condition could be the optimal treatment, i.e. , the required amount of sup- plemental irrigation based on the measurement of the moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer should be feasible for the local winter wheat production.

关 键 词：冬小麦 测墒补灌 耗水特性 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]