兰州市工业区PM10中多环芳烃的来源分析及健康风险评估  

Source analysis and health risk assessment of PAHs in PM10 in industrial area of Lanzhou

作　　者：林海鹏[1] 武晓燕[1] 王琼[2,3] 田宇[1] 路文芳[1] 王胜利[4] 刘占旗[1] 于云江[5] 谢满廷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院放射医学与环境医学研究所国家环境保护环境与健康重点实验室(太原),山西太原030006 [2]中国环境科学研究院生态环境研究所 [3]北京师范大学水科学研究院 [4]兰州大学资源环境学院 [5]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2013年第5期426-430,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200909101;201009044)

摘　　要：目的探讨兰州市工业区大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,为该地区污染治理提供科学依据。方法于2010年7月和2011年1月采集兰州市某工业区和某农业区(对照区)的PM10样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析PM10上负载的16种PAHs,探讨其分布特征和来源,对其健康风险进行评估,并与对照区比较。结果总PAHs的浓度变化范围为64.26～1 855.47 ng/m3,均值为725.99 ng/m3,冬季浓度高于夏季;PAHs的毒性等效浓度变化范围为6.390～245.870 ng/m3,均值为95.809 ng/m3;工业区的冬夏季均以4环和5环为主,对照区的夏季以2～3环、4环为主,冬季以4环和5环为主。采用特征比值法对PAHs的来源进行分析发现,夏季PAHs主要污染源为燃煤污染排放和交通污染(汽油、柴油燃烧排放),冬季PAHs主要污染源为燃煤污染排放。工业区与对照区大气PAHs污染所致成人和儿童的最大非致癌风险和最大致癌风险分别为8.13×10-6和3.32×10-5。结论本次调查的兰州工业区冬季大气中PAHs污染较为严重,但非致癌和致癌风险均处于可接受水平。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of PAHs in PM10 in Lanzhou, Gansu, China and provide the advice for environmental pollution control. Methods Atmospheric PM10 samples were collected from different areas in Lanzhou in July 2010 and January 2011, the mass concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） loaded in the PM10 samples were measured by GC/MS method, the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs were discussed, and the health risk assessment was conducted. Results The concentration of total PAHs ranged from 64.26 to 1 855.47 ng/m3, with average concentration of 725.99 ng/m3,and the PAHs varied seasonally to a remarkable extent, with higher concentrations in winter than in summer. And the BaP equivalent toxicity concentration of PAHs ranged from 6.39 to 245.87 ng/m3,the average concentration was 95.809 ng/m3. In the investigated area, the four to five rings PAHs in winter and summer occupied large proportion; in control area, the percentage of two to three rings and the four rings were higher than the others, while the four and five rings PAHs accounted for the main part in winter. The sources of PAHs were analyzed by using diagnostic ratio method, it was found that coal combustion and vehicle exhaust were major sources in summer, while the coal combustion were major sources in winter. The highest noncancer hazard risk and the highest cancer risk for adults and children were 8.13×10^-6,3.32×10^-5,respectively. Conclusion The PAHs pollution in PM10 were graveness in Lanzhou, and the noncancer hazard risk and the cancer risk were both less than the upper limit of acceptable cancer risk.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 可吸入颗粒物 来源分析 健康风险评估 工业区 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]