社区干预对提高流动儿童免疫接种效果的评价  

Evaluation on Vaccination Improvement by Community Intervention Among Floating Children

作　　者：郑晓丽[1] 范存欣[2] 陈静[2] 罗春花[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市南山区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518052 [2]暨南大学医学院

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2013年第5期546-548,520,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳市科技计划项目(200703186)

摘　　要：目的通过对社区干预前后流动儿童免疫接种效果的评价,寻求如何有效提高流动儿童免疫接种率的新方法,为加强流动儿童免疫接种管理提供科学依据。方法分别于2009年和2011年对深圳市南山区内实施社区干预措施前后的流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况及儿童家长对预防接种知识、态度、行为(KAP)进行抽样问卷调查。结果社区干预后外来流动儿童"六苗"基础免疫接种率和"六苗"全程基础免疫覆盖率均有大幅度提升(P<0.001);与干预前相比,干预后流动儿童疫苗首针及时接种率明显提高(P<0.01),在流入地进行常规免疫接种儿童的比例明显增加(P<0.001);干预后家长对各项有关儿童预防接种的KAP均有明显变化(P<0.001),表现为认知提高,免疫接种意识增强,态度更加积极,接种疫苗的主动性、依从性得到明显提升。结论社区干预是加强流动儿童免疫接种管理的行之有效措施,需长期坚持并灵活运用。Objective To evaluate the vaccination among floating children before and after community intervention,so as to seek new ways to improve the vaccination rate among floating children and to provide scientific reference for strengthening the management on floating children＇s vaccination.Methods The vaccination condition among floating children in Nanshan District in Shenzhen was investigated before and after community intervention in 2009 and 2011.Their parents＇ knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP） about vaccination were surveyed by questionnaire.Results After the intervention,the coverage rates of basic ＂six vaccines＂ vaccination and the vaccination rates of the ＂six vaccines＂ with the complete of whole course among migrant floating children improved significantly（P〈0.001）.When compared with those before the intervention,the rates of timely first vaccination after the intervention were obviously improved（P〈0.01）.The proportion of children receiving vaccination in Nanshan District was significantly increased（P〈0.001）.The parents＇ KAP about children＇s vaccination significantly improved（P〈0.001）,in that parents＇ vaccination cognition and consciousness enhanced,they had more active attitude,and their initiative and compliance improved.Conclusions Community intervention is an effective way to strengthen the management on the floating children＇s vaccination.It should be utilized flexibly for a long time.

关 键 词：流动儿童 免疫接种 社区干预 KAP 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]