上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童弱视调查分析  

An investigation and analysis of the amblyopia status of preschool children in the YangpuDistrict of Shanghai

作　　者：冯彦清 童念庭[2] 王佳 邹聪 黄骁倩 陈潞 杨珺 陈佩媛 陈洁 蔡桂娣 刘明芳 李金娣 张志杰[3] 吴星伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区眼病防治所暨控江医院眼科,200093 [2]上海交通大学附属上海市第一人民医院眼科,200080 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学与生物统计教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》2013年第5期287-289,共3页Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science

摘　　要：目的对上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童进行弱视情况调查，并分析在新的诊断标准下学龄前儿童中弱视的患病率及分布情况。方法横断面调查研究。抽取上海市杨浦区96所幼儿园3-6岁儿童13288名，进行视力、屈光状态检测。采用2011年新的弱视诊断标准来评价学龄前儿童弱视患病率，采用卡方检验和趋势卡方检验进行统计学分析，评价该研究人群弱视的分布情况。结果按照2011年的弱视诊断标准，上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童弱视患病率为0．91％，显著低于按照1996年弱视诊断标准所计算出的63．52％的弱视患病率（MeNemar检验统计值为8320，P〈0．01）。在所有弱视患儿中，屈光不正性弱视占72．7％，屈光参差性弱视占14．5％．斜视性弱视占9．1％，形觉剥夺性弱视占3．6％。4-5岁年龄段学龄前儿童弱视患病率较高（X^2=27．52，P〈0．01），而不同性别间弱视患病率没有差异（X^2=0．41，P〉0．05）。结论上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童弱视的主要原因分别为屈光不正、屈光参差、斜视和形觉剥夺。新的诊断标准将年龄纳入了学龄前儿童的弱视诊断中，考虑到了幼儿视力发育规律在弱视诊断中的重要性，从而避免弱视诊断扩大化及过度治疗。Objective To investigate the amblyopia status of preschool children in the Yangpu district of Shanghai, and to analyze the incidence and distribution of amblyopia based on a new diagnostic standard. Methods Using a cross-sectional investigation method, 13 288 children aged 3 to 6 years who were enrolled in 96 kindergardens in the Yangpu District of Shanghai were included in this investigation. Visual acuity and refractive status were examined, and the incidence of amblyopia was evaluated using a new diagnostic criteria. Subsequently, the distribution of amblyopia was evaluated by a chi-square test and trend ehi-square test. Results The incidence of amblyopia was much higher when using the old criterion compared to the new one （63.52% and 0.91%, respectively, P〈0.01）. In this cohort study of amblyopia, refractive error amblyopia accounted for 72.7%, anisometropic amblyopia accounted for 14.5%, strabismic amblyopia accounted for 9.1%, and deprivation amblyopia accounted for 3.6%. The incidence of amblyopia was much higher in 4-5 year olds （X^2=27.52, P〈0.01）, but there was no difference in the incidence of amblyopia between genders （X^2=0.41, P〉0.05）. Conclusion The main reasons for amblyopia in preschool children in the Yangpu District were refractive error, anisometropia, strabismus and deprivation amblyopia. Taking into account the importance of visual development patterns in the diagnosis of amblyopia in children, age was considered as a factor in the diagnosis of amblyopia based on the new diagnostic criterion. This avoided a higher number of amblyopia diagnoses and excessive treatment.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 弱视 横断面研究 小地区分析 数据收集 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]