层状岩体斜坡强震动力响应的振动台试验  

SHAKING TABLE TEST ON STRONG EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF STRATIFIED ROCK SLOPES

作　　者：黄润秋[1] 李果[1] 巨能攀[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2013年第5期865-875,共11页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41130745)

摘　　要：通过大型振动台试验,研究反倾和顺层两类结构岩体边坡在强震条件下的地震动力响应。结果表明:强震条件下,斜坡对水平地震动力的响应要远超过垂直地震动力,前者所导致的加速度响应峰值(PGA)放大系数是后者的2～3倍。在水平地震动力作用下,斜坡的地震动响应具有显著的高程效应和结构效应。对于硬岩顺层斜坡在1/2倍坡高以上坡面和坡内均出现显著的PGA放大效应;而硬岩反倾斜坡的放大效应则主要表现在坡体内部1/2倍坡高以上和坡体表部2/3倍坡高以上,且放大幅度要高于顺层斜坡。软岩斜坡在水平地震力作用下的动力响应总体上较硬岩斜坡弱,顺层斜坡表现为1/2倍坡高后,PGA放大系数的持续增大,而反倾斜坡主要表现为坡表中下部(1/4倍坡高处)和3/4倍坡高以上PGA的突然增大。模型在强震条件下的破裂观测结果表明:硬岩顺层斜坡(HD)在变形破坏通常表现为顺层滑移–下部隆起溃屈型失稳;硬岩反倾斜坡(HAD)为后缘垂直拉裂–中下部平缓剪出型失稳(L型滑面);软岩顺层斜坡(SD)为顺层滑移–底部挤出–分层滑移型失稳;软岩反倾斜坡(SAD)为斜坡顶部拉裂–下部剪出型失稳。试验结果与现场观察现象能较好吻合,从而深入揭示强震条件下层状结构斜坡的地震动力响应和失稳破坏机制。By means of large-scale shaking table test,the dynamic responses of stratified hard rock and soft rock slopes with anti-dipping strata and dipping strata to strong earthquakes are studied.The results are listed as follows：under the shaking of strong earthquakes,the response of slopes to horizontal seismic force exceeded that to vertical seismic force,for peak ground acceleration（PGA） amplification coefficient resulting from the former was 2 to 3 times that of the latter.Under the horizontal seismic force,the seismic dynamic response of slopes should have significant elevation effect and structure effect.For hard rock bedding slope,significant PGA amplification coefficient was found on the surface and inside above the 1/2 slope height;while the amplification coefficient of hard rock anti-dipping slopes mainly appeared inside the upper 1/2 slope height and on the surface above the 2/3 slope height,and the amplification extent was higher than that of bedding slope.In general,the dynamic response of soft rock slope to horizontal earthquake force was weaker than that of hard rock slope.For bedding slope,PGA amplification coefficient constantly became larger above the 1/2 slope height.For anti-dipping slope,PGA suddenly became larger below the 1/4 slope height and above the 3/4 slope height.The fracture observation of testing model under strong earthquake shaking implied the following results：the deformation and failure of hard rock bedding slopes showed plane sliding in the trailing edge-extrusion and buckling at the bottom of the slopes.Hard rock anti-dipping slope displayed vertical tensile splitting in the trailing gently shearing in the lower-middle parts（L sliding surface）.Soft rock bedding slope was plane sliding in the trailing edge-extrusion and layered-slipping at the bottom.Soft rock anti-dipping slope showed tensile splitting at the top-tensile splitting at the bottom.The testing results coincided with the observation of field investigation;so that the seismic dynamic response and instability fa

关 键 词：边坡工程 振动台试验 强震诱发滑坡 失稳机制 动力响应 

分 类 号：P64[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]