氰戊菊酯对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的毒性效应  

Toxic Effects of Fenvalerate on Odontobutis potamophila Juveniles

作　　者：丁正峰[1] 史阳白[1] 李潇轩[1] 王晓丰[1] 薛晖[1] 边文冀[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省淡水水产研究所,江苏南京210017

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2013年第3期357-363,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(农业)(BE2011331);江苏省水产三项工程(J2009-42)

摘　　要：采用静水生物测试法,研究了氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate,FEN)对河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)幼鱼的毒性效应。结果显示,FEN对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h(t)的半数致死质量浓度ρ(LC50)(95%置信区间)分别为(3.19±1.38)、(1.66±1.02)、(0.98±0.69)和(0.70±0.49)μg.L-1,变化规律符合指数衰减模型ρ(LC50)=0.915 1+15.012 3×exp(-0.075 8×t)(r=0.996 2),安全浓度为(0.13±0.97)μg.L-1。半数致死时间t(LT50)表现出显著的剂量〔ρ(FEN)〕效应,可用方程t(LT50)=2 653.467 6×exp[-5.590 4×ρ(FEN)]+56.378 7×exp[-0.209 5×ρ(FEN)](r=0.999 4)对其进行拟合。双因素方差分析显示,肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量随FEN浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而均呈显著变化(P<0.05),但两个因素的交叉影响不显著(P>0.05)。暴露24 h时,4μg.L-1浓度组SOD和CAT活性达到峰值,随后开始下降,而此时各浓度组MDA含量无显著变化(P>0.05),48和96 h时,4、6和10μg.L-1浓度组MDA含量则表现为显著上升。暴露时间和FEN浓度的交互作用对鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),暴露24、48和96 h时,高浓度(6和10μg.L-1)组Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均呈现显著下降;上述指标可较好地用于评价FEN的毒性效应。组织病理观察发现,FEN污染对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的鳃、肝脏均造成严重损伤:鳃丝紊乱,上皮细胞增生,柱状细胞破裂;肝细胞实质空泡化,胆管内皮细胞肥大、融合。In order to study toxic effect of fenvalerate （FEN） on Odontobutis potamophila juveniles, static bioassays were conducted. Results show that the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h（t） p（ LC50） of FEN to the fish with 95% confidence interval was estimated to be （3.19±1.38）, （ 1.66 ±1.02）, （0. 98 ±0. 69） and （0. 70±0. 49） μg·L^-1, respectively, with the safe concentration being （0. 13±0. 97） μg·L^-1. LC50 of FEN decreased significantly with time, which fits an exponen- tial decay model ： p（ LC50 ） = 0. 915 1 ＋ 15. 012 3 x exp （ - 0. 075 8× t） （ r = 0. 996 2 ）. LT50 decreased significantly with FEN concentration [p （FEN） ], which fits the model t （ LT50） = 2 653.467 6×exp [ - 5. 590 4 × p （FEN） ] ＋ 56. 378 7 × exp[ -0. 209 5×p（FEN） ] with r =0. 999 4. CAT and SOD activities and MDA content in liver of the fish varied significantly with time and FEN concentration （P 〈0. 05）. Interactions between the two factors were not so signifi- cant. SOD and CAT activities peaked in Group 4μg·L^-1 after 24 h and then declined. MDA remained almost unchanged in all the groups after 24 h of exposure, and rose significantly in Groups 4, 6 and 10μg·L^-1 after 48 and 96 h （P 〈 0.05 ）. Two way ANOVA shows that interactions between the two factors, time and concentration, affected Na＋/K ＋ -AT- Pase activity in gill of the fish significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ）, and the activity decreased significantly in Groups 6 and 10μg·L^-1 after 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure. The above-discussed indices may be used as indicators in evaluating toxic effect of FEN. Through pathological observation, it was found that FEN pollution caused serious damages to gills and livers of the fish： gill disorder, epithelial cell proliferation; columnar cell rapture, hepetocyte vacuolation, bile duct endothelial cells hypertrophy and mergence.

关 键 词：氰戊菊酯 河川沙塘鳢 毒性效应 抗氧化系统 Na+ K+ -ATP酶 组织病理 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S94[农业科学—水产养殖]