龙虱对高原林蛙蝌蚪生长和存活率的影响  

Effects of diving beetles on the growth and survival rate of tadpoles in alpine frog Ranaku kunoris

作　　者：阿舍小虎[1] 张昌兵 阳小成[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院,四川成都610059 [2]四川省草原科学院研究院,四川成都611731

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2013年第8期125-127,132,共4页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：高原林蛙是青藏高原东部高寒草甸上一种常见的两栖动物,其蝌蚪多生活于草甸上的季节性水塘里。设计试验检测了蝌蚪的捕食者(龙虱)的直接捕食与捕食风险对蝌蚪生长以及存活率的影响。蝌蚪被分别饲养于没有天敌(对照)、笼养天敌(捕食风险)以及自由天敌(捕食)的处理中,在试验开始后的第8、15、22 d分别测定不同处理中蝌蚪的体长(头长加尾长),当所有存活的蝌蚪长出后腿,开始变态发育后结束试验,并记录各处理中存活蝌蚪的数目。结果表明,捕食和捕食风险处理均显著提高了蝌蚪的生长速度,但最终存活数表现为对照>捕食风险>捕食处理。试验结果表明捕食风险对蝌蚪的生长速度和存活率有显著影响,提示捕食风险在捕食者-猎物动态和种群密度调节中具有重要作用。Ranaku kunoris is an amphibian species in Qinghai-Tibet alpine meadow, its tadpoles live in seasonal water pools. We conducted an experiment to test the effects of both direct predation and indirect predation risk on the growth and survival rate of R. kunoris tadpoles. Tadpoles were reared in predation-free （no predator, control）, cadged predator （predation risk） and predation （free predators） treatments, respectively. On the 8th, 15th, and 22nd days after the beginning of the experiment, body length （head length plus tail length） and number of the tadpoles were measured. The experiment was ended after all the surviving tadpoles began the metamorphosis development. The results showed that tadpoles reared in real predation and predation risk treatments grew faster than the control; the predation risk significantly decreased the survival rate compared to the control. These results indicated our understanding about the mechanisms underlying the impact of predation on the prey dynamics and population density regulation.

关 键 词：高原林蛙 捕食效应 捕食风险 发育可塑性 

分 类 号：S966.35[农业科学—水产养殖]