木薯小孢子母细胞减数分裂观察及花粉加倍技术研究  

Meiotic Observations of the Microspore Mother Cells and Unreduced Diploidy Polleninduction in Manihot esculenta

作　　者：赖杭桂[1] 陈霞[1] 李开棉[2] 欧文军 叶建秋[2] 庄南生[1] 覃秋林[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2013年第5期821-828,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家973重点基础性研究项目(No.2010CB126606);海南大学"211工程"热带作物遗传育种与生态保育创新人才培养基金(No.QNJS-2011-05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.PZS062-03);海南省自然科学基金"木薯2n配子诱导及三倍体遗传育种研究"(No.313041)

摘　　要：利用2n配子途径实现有性多倍化是植物遗传改良的一种有效途径．人工诱导植物2n配子是克服天然2n配子比率低及难于利用的有效方法。本研究对木薯花序发育过程的小孢子母细胞减数分裂进行观察．以掌握木薯小孢子母细胞分裂过程中加倍的有效时期与花序发育及花蕾的外部形态特征的相关性．采用秋水仙素溶液棉浸法对木薯花序进行诱导，获得了加倍2n花粉。结果表明：当幼嫩花序长度约1．5。2．5cm时．侧生小花梗开始出现，雄花蕾直径约1．0～1．5mm时．木薯小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂前期I至中期I：该期采用0．3％秋水仙素＋1％二甲基亚砜（DMSO）处理花序4～5d．可获得2n雄配子．最高诱导率可达12．56％。Chromosome polyploidization through 2n gamate is one of the efficient approaches for plant genetic improvement. The rate of 2n gamete formation by artificial induction is much higher than that from natural formation. In this research, to find the efficient 2n gamate inductive period during the meiotic process of the microspore mother cells in cassava, different meiotic phases of the microspore mother cells closely correlated with the inflorescent and floral development and morphology were investigated. 2n pollen were obtained through colehicine dip the flowers. The results showed that when the inflorence was 1.5-2.5 cm in length, the axilla inflorence initiated to grow, and the male flower bud was 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, the microspore mother cells of cassava were in the meiotic stages of prophase I and metaphase I, in which the 2n gamete was efficient induction by dipping the flower buds with 0.3% colchicine ＋1%DMSO for 4-5 days. The rate of 2n pollen formation was up to 12.56% in SC5.

关 键 词：木薯 2n配子 减数分裂 秋水仙素 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]