秸秆还田方式和施肥对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Residue Returning Methods and Fertilizer Application on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat(Triticum aestivum)

作　　者：李玮[1,2] 张佳宝[1] 张丛志[1] 信秀丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]封丘农田生态系统国家实验站,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第2期214-219,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100506);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX2-EW-N-08);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2011884);国家自然科学基金项目(40901107)资助

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究了不同秸秆还田方式及施肥对冬小麦叶片光合特性、SPAD值及产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田和施肥对冬小麦光合特性的日变化影响显著,秸秆行间掩埋推迟了日光合速率的高峰值,施肥大幅度增加了小麦的日光合速率;秸秆覆盖(SFR)和秸秆行间掩埋(ISFR)抑制了冬小麦生育前期的光合速率,而秸秆行间掩埋增加了小麦生育后期旗叶的气孔导度和光合速率,小麦整个生育期ISFR处理的光合速率变化幅度最大,峰值最高。不同秸秆还田方式对冬小麦叶片的SPAD值及产量无显著影响(P>0.05),但短期的秸秆还田有降低产量的趋势;施肥可明显提高冬小麦生育后期叶片的光合特性、SPAD值及产量(P<0.05)。A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of the different straw returning methods and fertilizer application on physiological property, SPAD value and the yield of winter wheat. The results indicated that straw returning and fertilization influenced significantly the daily change of physiological property of winter wheat. The peak value of daily photosynthetic rate （Pn） was deferred under the treatments of straw buried between lines of crops （ISFR）, and fertilization substantial increased the daily change in photosynthetic rate. Straw returning treatments （ISFR, SFR） inhibited the photosynthetic rate during the early stage of wheat growth, and promoted the stomata conductance （Cond） and photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of wheat at the late growth stage under the ISFR treatment compared with NSFR and SFR. In whole developing stage of wheat, ISFR treatment had the bigger variation scope of photosynthetic rate and the highest peak value. Different straw returning methods did not influence significantly SPAD value and yield of wheat（P〉0.05）, but fertilization increased significantly physiological property, SPAD value in the late growth and yield of wheat（P〈0.05）.

关 键 词：秸秆还田方式 施肥 光合特性 SPAD值 产量 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]