显赫范畴的典型范例:普米语的趋向范畴  

An Epitome of the Prominent Category:the Directional Category in Prumi

作　　者：刘丹青 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《民族语文》2013年第3期5-17,共13页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：中国社科院重点项目"语言库藏类型学"成果之一

摘　　要：本文用刘丹青(2011,2012a)等文提出的语言库藏类型学和显赫范畴的观念,讨论普米语(兼及羌语支)主要用前缀表达的趋向范畴。本文指出,用显赫范畴的五条指标来看,普米语的趋向范畴全面符合,是显赫范畴的典型范例。这五个指标是:1)语法化程度高或功能强大;2)具有向其他范畴的扩张力;3)具有该语法形式的原型范畴或核心范畴的地位;4)富有类推性、能产性和使用强制性;5)心理上可及性高,容易激活。普米语趋向范畴的情况也基本反映了羌语支趋向范畴的整体状况。In the light of Linguistic Inventory Typology and the concept of prominent category as proposed in Liu （2011, 2012a）, this paper examines the directional category realized mainly with prefixes in Prumi in particular and in languages of the Qiang group in general. It points out that the directional category in Prumi satisfies all five criteria for prominent categories, or say, it is the epitome of the prominent category. The five criteria are： 1） highly grammaticalized or grammatically multi-functional; 2） beating expanding force to other categories; 3） occupying the status as prototypical or core category of the grammatical means in question; 4） greatly analogical, productive and obligatory in use; 5） psychologically highly accessible and readily activated. The profile of the directional category in Prumi represents basically the general situation of this category in languages of the Qiang group.

关 键 词：原型范畴 语法化程度 语法形式 羌语支 类型学 扩张力 类推性 强制性 

分 类 号：H266[语言文字—少数民族语言]