注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的内隐视觉空间注意特点  

Covert visual spatial attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：王恩聪[1] 黄京[1] 孙黎[1] 宋艳[2] 吴占良[1] 何华[1] 陈进[1] 曹庆久[1] 赵希希[1] 王玉凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学精神卫生研究所,卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验,脑与认知科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2013年第6期406-411,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30970802;81000593;81020108022;81071109);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助(2007BAI17B03)

摘　　要：目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童被动和主动内隐视觉空间注意特点。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)ADHD诊断标准的儿童25例,以及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常儿童18名。分别测试反映被动内隐视觉空间注意的pop-out视觉搜索任务及反映主动内隐视觉空间注意的线索-目标视觉搜索任务,比较两组反应时(RT)、正确率和个体内反应时标准差(ISD)。结果:Pop-out视觉搜索任务中,ADHD儿童[(637.4±132.0)ms vs.(626.3±125.0)ms]和正常儿童[(635.5±131.1)ms vs.(626.6±138.5)ms]对左视野目标反应时均长于右视野(均P<0.05),但是两组之间反应时、总体正确率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);正常儿童左视野正确率低于右视野[(92.3±9.4)%vs.(94.5±8.1)%,P<0.01],而ADHD儿童左右视野正确率差异无统计学意义[(91.9±7.4)%vs.(90.7±7.5)%,P>0.05],ADHD儿童ISD大于正常儿童[(185.4±48.0)ms vs.(137.5±36.7)ms,P<0.01]。线索-目标任务中,ADHD儿童和正常儿童对左视野的目标反应时均长于右视野[ADHD组,(641.1±94.2)ms vs.(629.1±83.1)ms;正常对照组,(626.3±128.6)ms vs.(614.9±133.1)ms;均P<0.05],且线索提示有效目标反应时短于线索提示无效[ADHD组,(627.6±89.4)msvs.(654.3±84.6)ms,P<0.01;正常对照组,(615.4±132.5)ms vs.(627.3±127.5)ms,P<0.01];两组之间反应时和正确率差异无统计学意义,ADHD儿童ISD大于正常儿童[(200.1±46.8)ms vs.(147.8±32.8)ms,P=0.05]。结论:与正常儿童相比,ADHD儿童无论是被动还是主动内隐视觉空间注意,其注意力状态均不稳定,波动性增大,注意力维持困难。Objective： To investigate the characteristic of bottom-up and top-down visual spatial attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ ADHD）. Methods： Twenty-five drug-naive children with ADHD meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） and 18 age-and gender-matched normal children were recruited. They performed the pop-out and cue-target visual search task which were designed to test the covert reflexive attention and covert effortful attention respectively. The differences in reaction times （RT）, accuracy rates and intra-individual standard deviation of RT （ISD） between the two groups were compared. Results： In pop-out visual search task, children with ADHD [ （637.4 ± 132. 0） ms vs. （626. 3 ± 125.0） ms] and normal controls [（635.5 ± 131.1） ms vs. （626. 6 ±138.5） ms] both had longer RT to left visual field （RVF） target than to right visual field （LVF） target （ Ps 〈 0.05）, while no differences were found between the two groups. The normal children had lower accuracy rates to LVF target than RVF target [ （ 92. 3± 9. 4） % vs. （ 94. 5± 8. 1）%, P 〈 0. 01 ], while no differences were found between LVF target and RVF target in children with ADHD [ （91.9 ± 7.4） % vs. （ 90.7 ± 7.5） %, P 〉 0. 05 ]. The ISD was higher in children with ADHD than in normal children [ （ 185.4±48.0） ms vs. （ 137.5± 36. 7） ms, P = 0. 001]. In cue-target visual search task, both children with ADHD and normal children had shorter RT to RVF target than LVF target [ ADHD group, （629. 1 ±83.1） ms vs. （641.1 ±94.2） ms, P 〈0. 05] ; normal control group, [（614.9±133.1） ms vs. （626.3 ± 128. 6） ms, P 〈 0. 05] and shorter RT to validly cued target than invalidly cued target[ ADHD group, （627. 6 ± 89.4） ms vs. （654. 3±84. 6） ms, P 〈0. 01; normal control group, （615.4 ± 132. 5） ms vs. （627.3 ±127.5） ms, P 〈 0. 01]. There were no difference

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 内隐空间注意 个体内变异性 行为学研究 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]