恐惧情绪加工的神经机制  

The Neural Mechanisms of Fear

作　　者：冯攀[1] 冯廷勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学探新》2013年第3期209-214,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(重点项目)(SWU1109009);西南大学国家重点学科基础心理学211工程项目(NSKD11025)

摘　　要：恐惧是一种基本情绪,在人类的生存和适应中具有重要意义。研究者认为对恐惧情绪的加工存在着两种方式———阈上加工和阈下加工,而最近更多的研究者认为对恐惧的加工是需要中枢神经系统参与的阈上加工。在恐惧的形成与表达中,杏仁核、前扣带回、眶额叶皮质等脑区发挥着重要的作用;恐惧记忆的编码与巩固受到海马和各相关脑区的共同影响;前扣带回、内侧前额叶皮质等相关脑区是恐惧情绪调节的高级中枢;在恐惧的消退过程中,内侧前额叶发挥着重要的作用,它影响杏仁核、海马等相关脑区的活动。未来研究应该从恐惧情绪加工过程中脑区的交互机制、恐惧易感性以及发展认知神经科学等角度对恐惧神经机制展开大量研究,力图全方位地理解恐惧加工的神经机制。Fear is closely related to the evolution of the basic emotions, it is biologically adaptive responses to environmental threat and it can stimulate a series＇of defense mechanisms. A subcortical pathway through the superior colliculus and pulvinar to the amygdala is assumed to mediate the unconscious processing of affective visual stimuli. Instead ,the researchers propose that the primary role of the a- mygdala in visual processing, like that of the pulvinar,is to coordinate the function of cortical networks during the evaluation of the bio- logical significance of affective visual stimuli. So studying the neural mechanisms of the fear not only has high scientific value, but also has important clinical value. Classical fear conditioning is regarded as an important animal model to study emotional learning and memo- ry. Previous evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging（f MR1）studies has shown that the amygdala, doral Anterior cingulate cortex （dACC）, orbitofrontal cortex（ OFC ）play an important role in the formation and expression of fear. Hippocampus is the core limbic regions in the encoding and consolidation of fear memories. In fear of emotional regulation in the process, the anterior cingulate （ACC） and prefrontal cortex（PFC） play an important role in the extinction of fear; The prefrontal cortex （PFC）also plays an important role in the extinction of the fear and affects the amygdala, hippocampus and other brain - related activities. Future research should focus on the following areas：such as the interaction of various brain regions, metabolism clinical research and so on. Finally, the author made on the future prospects of research on the existing paradigm for improvement and innovation and intends to integrate resting state paradigm to study the process of fear, so the neural mechanisms in consolidation and reconsolidation can be well understand.

关 键 词：恐惧 神经机制 杏仁核 海马 内侧前额叶 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]