19世纪中美应对大蝗灾的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Great Locust Plague in China and America in the 19th Century

作　　者：赵艳萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学人文与法学学院、农史研究室,510642

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第3期125-130,共6页JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MINZU UNIVERSITY:PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:12CMZ034);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(项目编号:10YJC770122);英国剑桥李约瑟研究所“Sino-British Fellowship Trust”基金项目“The history of locust plague and locust control mechanism during the Republican China”

摘　　要：19世纪中后期,同一纬度带的中国与北美大陆几乎同期经历了罕见的大蝗灾,影响两国至深:发生于中国清咸丰年间的大蝗灾被列为近代十大灾荒之一,而美国的大蝗灾则颠覆了新移民者征服新土地的信念,从根本上改变了北美土地的农业垦殖方式。两国的蝗灾无论是从技术史的角度解析蝗害的除治,还是从社会学史探讨两国在蝗害发生、蝗害成因及蝗虫应对都有着显著的相似性,同时也体现了不同政治体制、文化背景下灾害应对的差异性。In the late 19th century, China and North America, located in the same latitude, both experienced a rare locust plague at the same period and exerted great impacts on the two countries. The locust disaster in the reign of Emperor Xianfeng of China was classified as one of the Ten Modern famines, while the great locust plague in the United States subverted the new immigrants＇ belief of conquering the new North American land and fundamentally changed their ways of agricultural reclamation. There are obvious similarities in methods of wiping out locusts from the perpective of technological history, as well as cau-ses. prevention and solutions to locust plague from the perspective of sociological history, while there are also differences in the ways of coping with disasters un-der different political systems and cultural backgrounds.

关 键 词：大蝗灾 共性 差异性 比较研究 

分 类 号：G04[文化科学]