中国珍稀濒危爬行动物资源——中华花龟  

Introduction of Rare and endangered reptiles in China I:Chinese Striped-neck turtle

作　　者：李丕鹏[1] 莫燕妮 周婷[1,3,4] 苏文学 杨勇 陈如江 韩克勤 LI Pi-peng;MO Yan-ni;ZHOU Ting;SU Wen-xue;YANG Yong;CHEN Ru-jiang;HAN Ke-qin(Institute of Shenyang Normal Univeristy,Shenyang,Liaoning,110034,China;Wildlife Conservation Administration of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan,570203,China;Nanjing turtles Research Society,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210029,China;Shangxi Provincial Nature Reserve of Hainan,Wanning,Hainan,571537,China;Hainan Turtle farming Society,Haikou,Hainan,570206,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]海南省野生动植物保护管理局,海南海口570203 [3]南京龟鳖研究会,江苏南京210029 [4]海南省龟鳖养殖协会,海南海口570206 [5]海南上溪省级自然保护区管理站,海南万宁571537

出　　处：《蛇志》2013年第2期171-176,共6页Journal of Snake

基　　金：国家林业局野生动植物保护与自然保护区管理司和海南省林业厅资助项目(编号:2006□2014)

摘　　要：目的中华花龟(Mauremys sinensis)是一种濒危野生动物,也是中国主要的养殖龟种。为了保护和可持续利用中华花龟,本文对其分类、生物学特性和资源保护现状进行总结和讨论。方法通过研究分析文献,结合保护和养殖实践,进行系统的分析探讨。结果中华花龟命名于1834年,现归隶龟鳖目地龟科拟水龟属,属于典型的淡水龟类,其最显著的特征是头颈部具有黑黄相间的细条纹。因其外部形态特征而得名花龟、珍珠龟和绿龟等。该龟分布广泛,见于殷商时代出头的动物遗骸之中,目前在中国分布于福建、广东、广西、香港、江苏、浙江、江西、海南岛和台湾岛,国外见于越南,并被引入韩国、美国的佛罗里达州和关岛等地。中国种群处于濒危状态,大规模的养殖和野外放归性保护行动对这一物种在海南岛的野生种群恢复奠定了基础。结论中华花龟作为一种主要分布在中国的淡水龟,野外种群处于濒危状态。养殖技术的成熟和产业化发展,以及在海南的野外放归性保护行动能有效的促进这一资源的可持续发展。Objective The Chinese Striped-neck turtle(Maurernys sinensis)is a endangered wildlife as one of the major farming freshwater turtles in China.It taxonomic history,biological characters and conservation status were reviewed for the purpose of effective protection and sustainale use of this rare resouree.Methods The taxonomic history,life history,distribution and status of conservation and sustainable use were analyzed based on data collect-ed from literatures and our field investigation.Results Mauremys sinensis was named scientifically as Emys sinensis by Gray in 1834 and now is belong to the genus Mauremys of the family GEOEMYDIDAE under the order testudines.It is a typical freshwater turtle and can be distinguished by the fine yellow and black lines that decorate the neck.It has several Chinese names from its external morphological characters,such as green turtle,pearl turtle and Chinese colorful turtle.This turtle has a wide-range in distribution and was a most commonly found species used for divination that have been recovered from Shang dynasty sites.Now it was found in China(Fujian,Guang-dong,Guangxi,Hang Kong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Hainan and Taiwan islands)and Vietnam,and introduced in South Korea,Florida and Guam of USA.The wild population of Mauremys sinensis is endangered in mainland Chi-na,large-scale farming and reintruoduction of action played important effect to recover the population at Hainan is-land.Conclusion As,a freshwater turtle,Mauremys sinensis was considered endangered in China's Mainland(greatest part of the distribution).The sustainable development of this resources was promoted effectively by the development of artifical breeding techniques and farm industrialization,as well as conservational action of reintro-duction at Hainan.

关 键 词：中华花龟 分类 形态 生活习性 保护 养殖 中国 

分 类 号：Q959.63[生物学—动物学]