乒乓球运动中3种步法足部运动的生物力学分析  

Biomechanical Analysis in Three Kinds Gaits of Table Tennis

作　　者：尹彦[1] 曲峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2013年第5期49-53,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：北京体育大学硕士学位论文

摘　　要：目的:研究乒乓球步法足部运动的生物力学规律,在步法训练上为教练员和运动员提供科学数据支持,并探讨乒乓球步法与运动员足踝部位运动损伤之间的关系。方法:穿同款球鞋的20名乒乓球运动员在击球时分别做3种步法(跨步、并步和交叉步),采集并比较击球发力足在击球位置支撑阶段的足部运动学数据和地面反作用力。结论:1)跨步、并步正手位和3种步法反手位击球时击球发力足着地后足部的运动形式具有相似性,3种步法中击球发力足蹬伸离地时足部的运动形式具有相似性;2)交叉步击球发力足的踝关节屈伸幅度和跟腱角变化幅度最大,且受到地面垂直反作用力的峰值力及力的载荷率最大,运动员频繁采用交叉步步法可能增加踝关节疲劳性损伤的风险;3)3种步法击球发力足所受地面垂直反作用力的峰值力出现时,足部均处于最大外翻角度出现前后的翻转运动当中,加上踝关节此时的最大背屈状态,使踝关节运动损伤的风险增加。Objective： This study intended to study the foot kinematics and kinetics in gait of table tennis and to provide scientific data support for the gait training and to explore the relationship between gait and ankle injury. Method ： 20 table tennis players wearing the shoes of the same style did three kinds of gait of table tennis （ stride step, chasse step and cross step） while batting the ball. Kinematic and kinetic data of the batting-foot during the stance phase while batting the ball were collected and compared. Conclusion： 1 ） The batting-foot kinematics was similar in the forehand batting with the stride step and chasse step and in the backhand batting with the three kinds of gait at the touchdown time. The batting-foot kinematics was similar at the lift-off time. 2 ） The peak vertical ground reaction force, the maximal vertical loading rate, the Act and the A 13 of the batting-foot in the cross step were the largest among the three kinds of gait. It could increase the risk of the ankle fatigue injury when the cross step was frequently used. 3 ） The peak vertical ground reaction force appeared with the maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle. At the same time, the batting-foot was inverting or everting when the maximal eversion angle appeared. It could increase the risk of the sports injury in the ankle.

关 键 词：乒乓球 步法 击球发力足 运动学 动力学 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]