毒死蜱和乐果对华南地区家蚕品种“9·芙”的毒性评价  

Toxicity evaluation of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate to silkworm variety (Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu) in south China

作　　者：梅承芳[1,2] 张宝兰 梁燕珍[1,2] 张宏涛[1,2] 曾国驱[1,2] 许玫英[1,2] 孙国萍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室//广东省微生物应用新技术公共实验室广东省微生物研究所,广东广州510070 [2]广东省华南应用微生物重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,广东广州510070 [3]佛山市环境健康与安全评价研究中心,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第4期685-688,共4页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目(9351007002000001)

摘　　要："9·芙"(Bombyx mori L.9·Fu)作为华南地区饲养的主要家蚕种,考察广泛使用的有机磷农药毒死蜱和乐果对于"9·芙"蚕的毒性和安全性具有重要的经济意义和生态学意义。根据环保部《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的要求,首次采用浸叶法评价了w=97%毒死蜱和w=80.7%乐果对华南地区家蚕种"9·芙"(二龄起蚕)的急性毒性效应,根据其毒性范围进行分级,并系统观察了2种杀虫剂处理蚕后的中毒症状。结果表明:采用浸叶法测得的毒死蜱和乐果对"9·芙"蚕的96 h半数致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为2.0 mg.L-1和>400 mg.L-1,根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,毒死蜱和乐果对"9·芙"蚕分属高毒和低毒药剂。"9·芙"蚕对毒死蜱和乐果的敏感性与其他研究中不同地区蚕种的敏感性具有一定的相似性,且对2种杀虫剂的急性中毒症状具有一定的共性,为典型的有机磷农药中毒症状。蚕因毒死蜱中毒后的症状表现得更为迅速。由此可见,"9·芙"蚕可作为我国农药环境安全性评价中的供试蚕种;毒死蜱属于高毒农药,对于"9·芙"蚕可能存在高风险性,在实际施用中需严格控制施药方式和施药时期;乐果虽属低毒农药,但依然可引起"9·芙"蚕出现中毒效应,在实际施用中也需谨慎对待。As the main silkworm variety in south China, Bombyx mori L. 9 Fu was used as the testing organism to evaluate the toxicities of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides： chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. Firstly, the acute toxicity effects of 97% chlorpyrifos and 80.7% dimethoate on Bombyx mori L. 9-Fu （the second instar larvae） were evaluated by using the leaf dipping method. The grade was compartmentalized according as toxicity scope and the toxic symptoms of silkworms were systematically observed after treatment with these two pesticides. According to the Experimental Criterion for Environmental Safety Assessment of Chemical Pesticide, the 96h median lethal concentration （LCs0） of chlorpyrifos to Bombyx mori L. 9.Fu was 2.0 mg＇L1, belonging to high toxicity grade, while the 96 h-LCs0 of dimethoate was greater than 400 mg＇LI, belonging to low toxicity grade. The sensitivities of Bombyx mori L. 9 Fu to chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were consistent with those of other local silkworm varieties reported in different studies. Typical symptoms of organphosphorus pesticide poisoning were observed in these tests, and more quick responses were detected when chlorpyrifos was used. These results suggest that Bombyx mori L. 9 Fu can serve as the testing organism for the environmental safety assessment of pesticide in our country. Chlorpyrifos might have high risk to Bombyx mori L. 9.Fu and strict controls should be taken on its application way and period. Although dimethoate belongs to low toxicity grade, it can still cause the toxic effects on Bombyx mori L. 9 Fu and should be treated cautiously.

关 键 词：“9·芙”蚕 毒死蜱 乐果 浸叶法 毒性评价 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]