氮肥与DCD配施对温室番茄膨果期土壤N_2O排放和产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DCD application on nitrous oxide emission from soil during expand fruit stage and tomato yield

作　　者：杨威[1] 郭艳杰[1] 李博文[1] 张丽娟[1] 杨榕[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2013年第3期25-29,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省国际科技合作计划项目(10397110D);农业部"948"计划项目(No.2012-Z36)

摘　　要：以传统施肥为对照,进行氮肥与DCD配施对温室番茄膨果期土壤N2O排放通量和番茄产量的影响研究。结果表明,配施DCD能显著降低番茄土壤N2O排放通量和排放总量,传统施肥条件下,第1次和第2次追肥土壤N2O排放总量分别为15.30、48.18kgN/hm2,传统施肥配施DCD各处理(DCD 5%、DCD 10%、DCD 15%、DCD 20%)和优化施肥配施DCD处理土壤N2O排放总量则分别降低到8.56、6.53、5.16、3.92、3.38kgN/hm2和36.33、26.38、11.61、12.49、7.94kgN/hm2;传统施肥条件下,第1次和第2次追肥土壤N2O排放系数分别是为0.11%和0.35%,传统施肥配施DCD各处理(DCD 5%、DCD 10%、DCD 15%、DCD 20%)和优化施肥配施DCD处理土壤N2O排放系数分别降低到0.06%、0.05%、0.04%、0.03%、0.02%和0.26%、0.19%、0.08%、0.09%、0.06%,表现出了较好的硝化抑制效果。优化施肥配施DCD处理对土壤N2O排放总量和土壤N2O排放系数的降低效果显著。同时氮肥配施DCD对番茄果实产量也有明显的促进效果,传统施肥配施15%DCD和优化施肥配施10%DCD处理的增产效果显著,分别增产38.90%和38.38%。综合可知,采用优化合理施肥同时配施量DCD不仅能够减少N2O排放,还能显著提高番茄产量,较好的实现了经济和环境效益双赢。Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DCD application on nitrous oxide （NzO） emission from soil during the expand fruit stage and tomato yield in greenhouse were studied with the traditional fertilization treatment as the control. The results illustrated that N20 emission flux and total N2 O emissions were decreased significantly after application of DCD. During the first and second fertilization, total N2O emissions in traditional fertilization treatment were 15.30 and 48.18 kgN/hm2 , respectively. However, the total N20 emissions in traditional fertiliza- tion with DCD treatments （DCD 5%, DCD 10%, DCD 15%, DCD 20%） and optimized fertili- zation with DCD treatment were decreased to 8. 56, 6.53, 5.16, 3.92, 3.38 kg/hm2 , and 36.33, 26.38, 11.61, 12.49, 7.94 kg/hm2 , respectively. The N2O emission factors were 0.11% and 0.35% during the first and second fertilization in traditional fertilization treatment, while the N2O emission factors in traditional fertilization with DCD treatments （DCD 5%, DCD 10%, DCD 15 % , DCD 20%） and optimized fertilization with DCD treatment were decreased to 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02% and 0.26%, 0.19%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.06%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the application of DCD could also improve the tomato yield signifi- cantly. The tomato yields in traditional fertilization with DCD and optimized fertilization with DCD treatments were increased by 38.90% and 38.38%, respectively, which showed a better yield-increasing effect. Overall, the optimized DCD treatment not only reduced soil N2O emis- sions but also increased tomato yields significantly, which offered the best economic benefit and environmental benefit.

关 键 词：氮 双氰胺 氧化亚氮排放 温室番茄 产量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]