棉秆作为无土栽培基质的适宜发酵条件  

Favorable conditions of cotton straw composting using as soilless culture substrate

作　　者：张晔[1] 余宏军[1] 杨学勇[1] 蒋卫杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第12期210-217,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：支撑计划(2011BAD12B01);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-25-C-09);中央级公益性科研院所专项资金项目;农业行业科技专项(201203095;201203001)

摘　　要：为了研究棉秆作为无土栽培基质的最佳发酵条件,用正交设计的方法研究了C/N、秸秆长度、添加氮源对棉秆发酵性能参数(包括发酵温度、有机碳、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、积温、种子发芽指数、电导率、pH值和容重)的影响。结果表明,在发酵过程中,C/N为25:1、秸秆长度为1cm、氮源为鸡粪+尿素的处理有利于堆体保持较长时间的高温(>50℃),分别达到9、10、8d,可缩短秸秆腐熟的时间。C/N对总孔隙度降低的影响显著,C/N为25:1的处理达到66.0%,降低了24.8%。秸秆长度对持水孔隙度、容重提高和积温有显著性作用,秸秆长度为1cm的处理分别达到59.2%、0.30g/cm3、1315.75℃,与发酵前相比持水孔隙度提高了111.1%,容重提高了76.4%。氮源对积温有显著性影响,氮源为鸡粪+尿素的处理达到1354.41℃。确定棉秆宜采用C/N为25:1,秸秆长度为1cm、氮源为鸡粪+尿素的组合进行发酵。该研究中将棉秆发酵后作为草炭的替代品,不仅减少了对草炭开采造成的生态破坏,还能促进农业废弃物的循环利用,并且大幅度降低了无土栽培基质的成本,将会产生巨大的经济及环境效益,具有重要的研究价值和现实意义。The aim of this study was to find the optimal conditions for cotton straw composting as a Soilless Culture Substrate.Cotton straw size,carbon-nitrogen ratio,and nitrogen source were investigated to determine their effects on the process of cotton straw composting by using an orthogonal design method.Each factor was set at three levels：C/N ratios were 25：1,30：1,35：1,cotton straw sizes were 1,2,and 3cm,and nitrogen sources were chicken manure、urea,and a mixture of chicken manure and urea.Cotton straw applied in this trial was bought from the famers in a Beijing suburb and was broken into 1-3cm particles by machine.The C/N ratio of cotton straw was 38：1.The dry chicken manure and urea as the nitrogen resource were used to adjust the C/N ratio.The cotton straw weight of each treatment was 5kg,and the water content of each treatment was adjusted to 60%-70%.Plastic weaving bags of 70-liter capacity were used as composting containers and were placed in three layers with a randomized design.Each treatment had one bag and three replications.The bags were turned over every 10 days during the maturation phase in order to improve the O2 level inside the bags.The trial lasted 30days.The parameters included composting temperature,C/N ratio,bulk density,pH,EC,accumulated temperature,water holding capacity,and air filled porosity.A temperature meter recorded the temperature in each bag every day.Bulk density and porosity were determined following the Byrne method and conventional method,respectively.The pH and electrical conductivity（EC） were determined by IQ150 Portable pH/mV/thermometer measurement.The results from the study indicated that during the composting period,C/N ratio of 25：1,1 cm straw particle size,the mixture of chicken manure and urea as an added nitrogen source were the optimal conditions to sustain high temperature（50℃） in the composting pile of cotton straw,and the days keeping high temperature in the three conditons was 9,10,8 days respectively.The C/N ratio had a significant influence

关 键 词：秸秆 发酵 氮 正交试验 腐熟度指标 无土栽培基质 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]