腾空时相质疑:世界优秀男子500m速滑运动员弯道技术的运动学探索  

Hang Time: Kinematics Exploration of Turning Technology of the World Elite 500 Meters Speed Skaters

作　　者：王立国[1] 刘俊一[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2013年第3期121-124,共4页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：2010年国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究项目(1582SS10136);2008年吉林省教育厅十一五规划课题(0805063)

摘　　要：采用运动生物力学方法,对世界最优秀短距离速度滑冰运动员弯道的跑滑技术进行了运动学个案分析,对目前争论的跑滑技术中出现腾空时相的核心问题进行了质疑和探索。结果:速度滑冰的跑滑技术出现明显的"跑动"迹象,个案解析中证实了下肢腾空的时相的存在;腾空时相技术的出现并不是跑滑技术的关键,跑滑技术蹬冰动作中,左右膝关节都主动性的不完全充分蹬伸,跑动蹬冰和双腿快速交替蹬冰才是该技术的核心,同时也是产生跑动迹象和下肢腾空时相的主要因素;结合髋膝关节角度变化的一致性分析表明,"跑动"迹象和下肢腾空时相主要是在左腿单支撑蹬冰结束到右腿单支撑蹬冰开始交替间,由左腿的不完全蹬伸配合右腿的髋膝快速前摆着冰引起的。提示在现代短距离速度滑冰技术中可能出现腾空时相,同时提供了判断和评定跑滑技术的核心技术关键,进而为我国运动员借鉴这种技术的提供运动学分析中的技术细节。The authors used biomechanics to make a kinematic case analysis on the running slide technology of the most excellent short distance speed skating athletes,and questioned and explored the key problem of hang time in the short distance speed skating technology.The results show that the running slide technology of the speed skating appears the sign of running,and the personal case show s leg jumping;in the skating technique,both knees are not completely fully straightened,w hich is also the cause to make sign of running and jumping;by analyzing the angle changing of the hip and knee,w hen it ends at left leg skating and right leg begins to skate,there are the signs of＂running＂and jumping w hich are caused by left leg incompletely straightened matched w ith hip and knee the right leg fast moving forw ard to the ice.So this paper can remind us there may be jumping time in the modern short distance speed skating technology,and also provide judgement and assessment to the core skill in this technology,w hich provides the key skill and point for learning this kind of advanced skating technology.

关 键 词：腾空时相 速度滑冰 弯道 运动学 质疑 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]