自主原则何以成为生命伦理学的第一原则——从西方的文化传统与理论现实考察  

Why the Principle of Autonomy Is the First Principle of Bioethics——From the Western Tradition and the Theoretical Reality

作　　者：庄晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学旅游管理系,广东广州510631

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期139-144,164,共6页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目"基于患者自主权的医患关系研究"(11YJC720065);广东省软科学项目"基于患者自主权的医疗责任理论研究"(2011B070300107)

摘　　要：随着生命伦理学的兴起与发展,四大原则获得关注,它们之间的关系也受到质疑与诘问。自主原则能力排众议,成为生命伦理学的第一原则,其根源在于它暗含了西方社会的自由、个性、平等的文化传统和价值判断。其提出的具体的社会背景,如西方的医疗传统与医疗实情,患者权利的法律确立以及权利理论的发展,则是自主原则成为第一原则的主要原因。尊重自主原则暗含着这样的理论预设:人与人之间存在差异且是平等的;医生与患者是"道德的异乡人"。自主原则成为首要原则表明了西方社会对患者自主权利的重视与捍卫。With the rise and the development of bioethics.four principles and their relationships have got more and more attention and have been questioned,Freedom,individuality,equal cultural tradition and value judgments in Western society become the deep reason of why the principle of autonomy can override all objections to become the first principle of bioelhics.Its specific social background such as the Weslem medical tradition and the medical facts,the patients' rights established by law and the development of the theory of right are the main reasons of the principle of autonomy becoming the first principle of bioethics.The principle of respect for autonomy implies that there are differences between people,and they are equal.The relationship of doctors and patients is 'moral strangers'.The first status of the principle of autonomy indicates that the Western society takes the patients autonomy seriously and defends their right firmly.

关 键 词：自主原则 四大原则 首要原则 医疗权利 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]