半干旱雨养区苗期土壤温湿度增加对马铃薯生物量积累的影响  

Effect of Soil Temperature and Moisture Increase During Seedling Period on Biomass Accumulation of Potato in Semi-arid Region

作　　者：赵鸿[1,2] 王润元[1] 王鹤龄[1] 张凯[1] 杨泽粟[1] 王春玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,兰州大学,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2013年第2期290-297,共8页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201207);国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106029);干旱气象科学研究基金(IAM201019)共同资助

摘　　要：为了了解半干旱区苗期土壤温湿度的增加对马铃薯生物量积累的影响,在西北半干旱雨养农业区定西开展了双垄沟全膜覆盖(DFRPM)对马铃薯生长的影响试验。结果表明:与平地无覆膜对照(CK)相比,利用双垄沟全膜覆盖微集雨种植模式,可增加马铃薯发芽出苗期浅层土壤的温湿度,日平均地温增加3.49℃,土壤储水量增加21.79%,显著增加了植株高度、LAI,使得冠层光合叶面积增大,同化更多的碳水化合物并向地下运输和转移,叶片、匍匐茎、根等器官的干物重也显著增加。成熟收获时,垄沟覆膜的根冠比比对照高出66.21%,差异达到显著水平。另外,苗期土壤温湿度的增加能够显著影响块茎膨大,尤其能够增加大薯(>150 g)的数量和重量,最终使得块茎产量增加78.2%。In order to understand the effect of soil temperature and moisture increasing during seedling period of potato on biomass accu- mulation in dryland, the experiment of double ridge and furrow mulching with plastic film on growth of potato was carried out in the northwest semi - arid rainfed farming region. The results show that when compared with no film flat control （CK） , the rainwater gath- ering planting mode with double ridge and furrow mulching increased shallow soil temperature and moisture during seedling period of potato, with daily average temperature increasing 3.49 ~C and soil water content increasing 21.79%. It significantly increased the height and leaf area index （LAI） of plant, which increased photosynthesis area of canopy, more carbohydrates were assimilated and transported to underground. The dry weight of leaf, surface root, stolon increased significantly too. At harvesting time, root -top ratio of potato was increasd by 66.21% , and the difference reached significant level. In addition, it can significantly affect tuber bulking, especially the number and weight of big potato （ 〉 150 g）. All of these improved tuber yield by 78.2% due to increasing of soil tem- perature and moisture during the seedling period.

关 键 词：双垄沟地膜覆盖 马铃薯 地上生物量 地下生物量 半干旱雨养区 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]