饮用水中硝酸盐的反硝化动力学及微生物群落研究  

Study on Denitrification Kinetics and Bacterial Community of Nitrate-contaminated Drinking Water

作　　者：叶正芳[1] 王凤[1] 王中友[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2013年第3期234-238,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD01B03)

摘　　要：目的分析饮用水中不同碳源条件下的反硝化反应动力学,研究微生物群落结构变化,鉴定出优势菌种,为解决再生式生命保障系统中饮用水的脱氮难题提供技术支持。方法采用固定化微生物滤池工艺去除饮用水中的硝酸盐,并进行水质分析;利用PCR-DGGE技术分析微生物群落结构变化。结果乙醇和乙酸钠系统分别在前0～2 h和0～1.5 h内表现为零级动力学反应,线性拟合得出的反硝化速率分别为11.913 g NO3--N/(gVSS.d)和15.633 g NO3--N/(gVSS.d),而葡萄糖系统在0～3 h内,硝态氮浓度曲线可由二阶多项式拟合,平均反硝化速率为7.177 g NO3--N/(gVSS.d)。结论饮用水中碳源充足时反硝化过程遵循零级反应,亚硝酸盐先累积后消耗,脱氮效果较好的微生物种属主要有假单胞菌属Pseudomona、水杆菌属Aquabacterium和红环菌科Rhodocyclaceae。Objective Denitrification kinetics under different carbon source and bacterial community are investigated, which provides technical support for the denitrification of drinking water in the regenerative life support system. Methods Immobilized microorganisms biological filters were used for removing nitrate in drinking water. PCR-DGGE was used to analyze bacterial community. Results The results showed that, when the reactors used ethanol and sodium acetate as carbon source, denitrification reaction followed zero-order kinetics in the first 2 and 1.5 h respectively, with a denitrification rate of 11. 913 g NO3- -N/（gVSS·d） and 15. 633 g NO3-N/（gVSS · d）. Moreover, when glucose was used as carbon source, NO3- -N concentration curve could be fitted using two order polynomial and the mean value of denitrification rate was 7. 177 g NO3- -N/（ gVSS · d）. Conclusion Denitrification reaction follows zero-order kinetics when carbon source is sufficient in drinking water. Nitrite first accumulates and then consumes. The denitrifying Pseudomona,Aquabacterium and Rhodocyclaceae are dominant among the immobilized microorganisms.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 反硝化 动力学 微生物群落 优势菌种 

分 类 号：R852.8[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]