尾矿库溃坝灾害链及断链减灾控制技术研究  

Research of Tailings Dam-break Disaster Chain and Chain-cutting Disaster Mitigation Control Technology

作　　者：周科平[1] 刘福萍[1] 胡建华[1] 高峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《灾害学》2013年第3期24-29,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC09B02);国家自然科学基金(青年基金)(51204205)

摘　　要：尾矿库溃坝灾害是影响矿山安全的主要灾害之一,其溃坝机理和控制的研究是当前的热点问题。在尾矿库事故统计分析基础上,根据灾害系统理论,从尾矿库溃坝灾害的形成发育过程入手,构建了五种常见的尾矿库溃坝灾害链模型和灾害链节点横向耦合形成的复杂灾害链网,分析了其成灾特征,并结合工程实例验证了理论模型的合理性。研究结果表明:①尾矿库溃坝灾害链演变过程可划分为早期孕育阶段、中期潜存阶段和晚期诱发阶段;②从各阶段的特征出发,提出了相应断链减灾措施,特别是早期孕源减灾策略;③将尾矿库溃坝灾害链理论应用于湖南省某尾矿库工程治理上,实现了该尾矿库灾害控制。Tailings dam failure disaster is one of the main disasters affecting mine safety and research on its mechanism and control is a current hot issue. Based on statistical analysis of reservoir accident, according to disas- ter system theory and starting from formation and development process of railings dam-break disaster, five common railings darn-break disaster chains and complex disaster networks formed by transverse coupling of disaster chain nodes were constructed. At the same time, disaster characteristics were analyzed. The results show that ： （1） Dis- aster chain evolution process can be divided into three stages： early nurturing stage, interim latent stage and late induction stage.2） According to characteristics of every stage, chain-cutting disaster mitigation measures corre- sponding to every stage have been put forward, especially, strategies for controlling disaster source during early nurturing stage. （3） Disaster control of a tailings reservoir of Hunan province was realized by applying tailings dam- break disaster chain theory to engineering treatment of this tailinzs reservoir.

关 键 词：尾矿库 溃坝 灾害链 断链减灾 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]