“文字起于声音”:近代中国字拼音化思想对一个传统训诂理论的继承式颠覆  

"Characters Originated from the Voice":The Usurpation of Traditional Philological Theory by the Modern Doctrine of Romanization

作　　者：王东杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学985工程"区域历史与民族研究创新基地" [2]四川大学历史文化学院,教授成都610064

出　　处：《近代史研究》2013年第4期4-27,共24页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：2012年度四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(skgt201204)资助

摘　　要：20世纪的中国字拼音化思潮的一个学理基础就是把文字视为记录语言的符号,这是在西方的"言语中心主义"影响下产生的。但清代"小学"已经发展出一套"因声求义"的理论,其中就包括了"文字起于声音"的内容,而近代学者在论证中国字拼音化趋势的过程中,确实使用了这些成果。这很容易使人认为传统学术已经出现"声音中心主义"的趋势。不过,仔细考察可知,传统的"因声求义"说是在六书系统下的训诂理论,并不涉及文字的性质问题;中国字拼音化的思潮却是要"因声造字"。二者基本取向完全不同。换言之,新思想通过一种"继承"的方式"颠覆"了旧思想。必须把表面相似的观念还原到各自的文化语境中,才能在历史延续性的背后看到它们的实质性断裂。One scholarly basis for the 20^(th) century doctrine of romanizing Chinese characters was the view that characters are symbols used to record spoken language. This idea originated under the influence of Western 'ogocentrism'.However, philology in the Qing dynasty had already developed a set of theories to 'follow sound in search of meaning', including the idea that 'characters originated from the voice', and as modern scholars argued in favor of the trend towards romanizing Chinese characters, they did indeed make use of these theories. Therefore, it is easy to jump to the conclusion that traditional scholarship already exhibited a 'vococentric' tendency. However, after detailed examination,we can see that the traditional idea to 'follow sound in search of meaning' referred to the philological theory that formed part of the 'Six Scripts' etymological system, and had no bearing on the nature of Chinese characters themselves. On the other hand, the doctrine of romanizing Chinese characters sought to 'follow sound to create characters.The basic orientations of the two doctrines were completely different. In other words, the new doctrine 'usurped' the old under the guise of 'inheritance''.Only by placing superficially similar concepts back in their own cultural contexts can we see the substantial fragmentation that lies behind historical continuity.

关 键 词：因声求义 中国字拼音化 声音中心主义 历史进化论 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]