我国西南地区6-24月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养行为及城乡差异  

Breastfeeding behavior among infants aged 6-24 months and difference between urban and rural areas in Southwest China

作　　者：黄璐娇[1] 李鸣[1] 芮溧[2] 孙晓红[3] 庞学红[1] 周岚[1] 曾果[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室,成都610041 [2]昆明医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室 [3]贵阳医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室

出　　处：《中华围产医学杂志》2013年第7期410-415,共6页Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine

基　　金：基金项目：“达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金”2010年资助项目（DIC2010-10）

摘　　要：目的了解我国西南地区婴幼儿母乳喂养行为现状及城乡差异。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法于2011年3月至7月在云南、贵州、四川3省城乡选取3659例（城市1801例，占49．2％，农村1858例，占50．8％）6～24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象，通过对家长或喂养人进行问卷调查，收集婴幼儿及家庭基本情况和其生后至调查时的母乳喂养相关信息，采用率和构成比及生存分析（Kaplan-Meier法）描述母乳喂养行为现状及特征，Y。检验及Log—Rank检验分析城乡婴幼儿母乳喂养行为差异。结果婴儿生后1h内开奶率为10．7％（355／3315）[城市12．3％（198／1604）与农村9．2％（157／1711），x2=8．691，P〈O．05]；首进食物为母乳的比例为20．3％（725／3575）[城市25．1％（440／1754）与农村15．7％（285／1821），x2=49．192，P〈0．05]；4个月基本纯母乳喂养率和母乳喂养率分别为35．5％（城市27．4％与农村43．6％，x2=88．678，P〈O．05）和76．2％（城市68．5％与农村84．3％，x2=124．702，P〈0．05）；6个月基本纯母乳喂养率和母乳喂养率分别为u．3％（城市7．900与农村14．4％，x2=18．001，P〈0．05）和65．0％（城市54．0％与农村76．3％，x2=199．662，P〈0．05）；平均母乳喂养持续时间（P50）为8．0个月（城市7．0个月与农村9．0个月，x2=96．780，P〈0．05）；主要断乳原因为“母乳量不足”占48．7％（1161／2385）[城市56．9％oo（699／1228）与农村39．9％（462／1157），x268．840，P〈O．05]。结论西南地区6～24月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养行为在开奶时间、母乳喂养率、持续时间等方面亟待改善。城乡母乳喂养行为差异大，城市婴幼儿母乳喂养启动较农村好，而农村婴幼儿母乳喂养持续性好于城市。Objective To understand the status and difference of breastfeeding behavior in urban and rural areas of Southwest China. Methods From March to July in 2011, 3659 infants aged 6-24 months were selected by stratified cluster randomized sampling method in urban and rural areas of three provinces of Southwest China （Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou）, including 1801 （49. 2%） infants from urban areas and 1858（50.8%） from rural areas. Basic information of these infants, their families and breastfeeding was obtained by a questionnaire for the mothers or baby-carers. Descriptive analysis and survival analysis （Kaplan-Meier method） were used to describe breastfeeding behavior. Chi-square test and Log-Rank test were used to identify the differences of hreastfeeding behavior between urban and rural areas. Results Early breastfeeding initiation rate within one hour after birth was 10.7%（355/3315）, and the numbers of urban and rural areas were 12.3%（198/1604） and 9.2% （157/1711）, respectively,x2=8. 691,P^0. 05. Totally, 20.3%（725/3575） of all infants were initially fed by breast milk after delivery, and 25.1% （440/1754） in urban areas and 15.7% （285/1821） inrural areas,x2 =49. 192,P〈0.05. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding rate within four months after birth were 35.5%（27.4% in urban and 43.6% in rural areas,x2=88.678,P〈0.05） and 76. 2% （68.5% in urban and 84.3% in rural areas, x2 = 124. 702, P〈0.05）, respectively. However, the exclusive breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding rate within six months after birth reduced to 11.3% （7.9%in urban and 14.4% in rural areas,x2=18. 001,P〈0. 05） and 65.0% （54.0% in urban and 76. 3% in rural areas, X2 = 199. 662, P〈0.05）, respectively. The median breastfeeding duration was 8.0 months （7.0 months in urban and 9.0 months in rural areas, X2 = 96. 780, P〈 0.05）. The most common reason of weaning was insufficient breast milk which accounting for 48.7% of families E56. 9% （1161/2385） in urban and 39. 9%（462/1

关 键 词：婴儿 母乳喂养 母亲行为 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]