土壤逐渐干旱对菖蒲生长及光合荧光特性的影响  

Influence of soil gradual drought stress on Acorus calamus growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics

作　　者：王文林[1,2] 万寅婧[3] 刘波[1,4] 王国祥[1] 唐晓燕[2] 陈昕[2] 梁斌[2] 庄巍[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院/江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,南京210023 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]江苏省环境工程咨询中心,南京210029 [4]南通大学地理科学学院,南通226007

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第13期3933-3940,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41173078;40873057);科技部国际合作重大项目(2010DFB33960);环境保护部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费;国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-007-003)

摘　　要：在土壤逐渐干旱过程中,连续测定典型湿地植物菖蒲生长发育状况及叶片叶绿素荧光参数,结果表明:短期内(实验第0—3天)土壤水分含量下降(土壤含水率自53.86%下降至42.6%)有利于菖蒲生长,干旱组菖蒲叶片Fv/Fm、Yield、qP显著高于对照组(实验期间土壤平均含水率为53.49±0.6%)(P<0.05),qN则低于对照组;随着土壤进一步干旱(土壤含水率自42.6%下降至18.02%,实验第3—9天),菖蒲叶片qN值则由0迅速上升至0.403,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Fv/Fm值与对照相比无显著差异(P>0.05),叶片保持较高的热耗散以维持光合结构PSⅡ保持正常,并能以降低叶片含水率、叶面积(叶片卷曲避光)减少水分蒸腾及降低根系含水率促进水分吸收的方式进行自我保护;随着土壤干旱程度加剧(土壤含水率自18.02%下降至4.5%、实验第9—12天),菖蒲叶片Fv/Fm、yield、qP值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),qN值降为0,光合结构PSⅡ受到损坏,第11天、12天,叶片含水率分别降至75.79%和68.78%,此时菖蒲也逐步以自小叶片至大叶片的顺序枯萎衰亡,表明在土壤水分快速下降过程中过高的生物量将不利于菖蒲保持水分,而80%左右的叶片含水率是维持菖蒲存活的临界值。In the process of soil gradual drought,the growth of typical wetland plant Acorus calamus in dry condition and control condition were investigated.The soil water contents of dry group were about 55%（0th day）,40%（3th day）,30%（6th day）,20%（9th day）,10%（11th day） and 5%（12th day） and average soil water content of the control group was（53.49±0.6）% during the experiment period.Meanwhile,Photosystem Ⅱ（PSⅡ） photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）,quantum yield（Yield）,photochemical quenching（qP）,non-photochemical quenching（qN） were also measured by a submersible,pulse-amplitude modulated（PAM） fluorometer： Diving-PAM. The results showed that the decline of soil water content in a short term（soil water content declined from 53.86% to 42.6%,on the 0th —3th day） was beneficial to the growth of dry group Acorus calamus.Fv/Fm,Yield,qP were much high than those of the control group（P〈0.05）,while qN was lower than control group.Compared with control group,average plant height,leaf width and leaf biomass,root biomass of dry group increased by 4.35%,3.13%,12.50%,17.82%,respectively. With soil becoming drought gradually（soil water content declined from 42.6% to 18.02%,on the 3th —9th day）,the growth of drought group Acorus calamus was restrained gradually and yield and qP value began to decrease.The qN value rose from 0 to 0.403 quickly and was much higher than those of control group（P〈0.05）.The dry group plant began to suffer from soil drought stress and presented low photo-inhibition phenomenon.High qN value detected in the study demonstrated that they could protect PSⅡ by increasing heat dissipating.At the same time,there was no significant difference of Fv/Fm between drought group and control group,which also indicated that photosynthesis structure of PSⅡ was unspoiled.At the same time,Acorus calamus plant reduced water transpiration and promoted water absorption to protect itself from soil drought pressure by reducing leaf area,leaf water content an

关 键 词：土壤逐渐干旱 菖蒲 生长 光合荧光 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]