深海中喷洒分散剂后溢油运动轨迹预测  

Numerical prediction of oil spill trajectory after dispersant application in deepwater environment

作　　者：廖国祥[1] 杨建强[2] 高振会 熊德琪[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋局北海分局,山东青岛266033 [3]国家深海基地管理中心,山东青岛266061 [4]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《大连海事大学学报》2013年第2期103-107,共5页Journal of Dalian Maritime University

基　　金：山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金项目(2012008);交通运输部海事局科技项目(9011177);2012年海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205012)

摘　　要：分析溢油分散剂的作用机理和影响分散效率的主要因素,概述美国"深水地平线"溢油事故中水下使用分散剂的方式及效果.通过改进深海溢油输移扩散预测模型,研究深海中喷洒分散剂后溢油运动轨迹的数值预测方法.以深海溢油现场试验为例,初步预测在深海泄漏源处喷洒分散剂后的溢油运动轨迹.结果显示:经分散剂处理后粒径小于0.5mm的油滴在水下环境中输移扩散且缓慢上浮,其中粒径小于0.1mm的油滴容易在深海中形成悬浮油带.The paper analyzes the mechanism of the spilled oil being chemically dispersed and the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the dispersant, and introduces the method of spraying dispersant in deepwater environment used in the ＂Deep- water Horizon＂ oil spill accident. Numerical methods are devel- oped to track the oil spill trajectory after applying dispersants in deepwater by improving a three-dimensional deepwater oil spill model （DOSM）. The improved model is used to predict the oil spill trajectory with and without spraying dispersants to the spill source in deepwater environment. Simulation results show that the chemical dispersed oil droplets of diameter less than 0.5 mm be diffused in the underwater environment and move to the sea surface slowly, of which the oil droplets of diameter less thanO. 1 mm tend to form a suspended oil plume in deepwater.

关 键 词：深海溢油 分散剂 输移扩散 数值模拟 轨迹预测 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]