唐墓埋葬告身的等级问题  

The Hierarchy of the Appointment Certificates Buried in the Tang Tombs

作　　者：王静[1] 沈睿文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第4期35-41,共7页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中古时期丧葬的观念风俗与礼仪制度"(批准号:13JJD780001)

摘　　要：告身是中国古代任官授职的一种官文书。已知随葬的告身抄件见诸唐代各个品级的官员墓葬,它与墓志所载墓主仕宦经历相辅相成,可知随葬告身抄件实为唐代丧葬的一项制度。若结合墓志,根据已有情况可构建唐墓随葬告身抄件的如下等级序列。即,太子陵寝使用哀册、墓志,而王、公主(长公主)使用告身(甚或石告身、乃至石册文)抄本、墓志,其他官员使用告身纸抄本、墓志,而庶民则仅使用墓志,甚而不用。The appointment certificate was an official document for granting officialdom in ancient China, the transcripts of which discovered in the tombs of officials of various ranks in the Tang Dynasty were a kind of funerary objects. The transcript of an appointment certificate found in a Tang tomb was complementary to the epitaph which certified the tomb-owner＇ s experience in officialdom. This article argues that the transcript of an appointment certificate unearthed from a Tang tomb was actually an evidence of the funeral institution of the Tang Dynasty. Combining with the epitaphs, the authors hold that there was a hierarchy about the transcripts of such certificates in the light of the unearthed transcripts of the appointment certificates from the Tang Dynasty. That is, the Crown Prince used a funeral eulogium and an epitaph, while the other princes and the Eldest Princess used a transcript of the appointment certificate （or a stone-inscribed appointment certificate, and even a stone-inscribed imperial edict） , and an epitaph. The officials used a paper transcript of the appointment certificate and an epitaph, while the ordinary people only used an epitaph or even none.

关 键 词：告身 册文 墓志 等级 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]